Editing Tory (section)

===United Kingdom===
{{Main|Conservatism in the United Kingdom}}
{{See also|Tories (British political party)}}
[[File:John Belasyse (Bellasis), 1st Baron Belasyse of Worlaby by Gilbert Jackson.jpg|upright|thumb|[[John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse|Lord Belasyse]] was the second Tory to lead a Ministry in Great Britain.]]
The [[Tories (British political party)|Tory political faction]] originally emerged within the [[Parliament of England]] to uphold the legitimist rights of [[James II of England|James II]] to succeed his brother [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] to the thrones of the three kingdoms. James became a Catholic at a time when the state institutions were fiercely independent from the [[Catholic Church]]—this was an issue for the [[Exclusion Crisis]] supporting [[Patrician (post-Roman Europe)|Patricians]], the political heirs to the nonconformist [[Roundhead]]s and [[Covenanter]]s. During the Exclusion Crisis, the word Tory was applied in the [[Kingdom of England]] as a nickname to the opponents of the bill, called the [[Abhorrers]]. The word "Tory" had connotations of [[Papist]] and [[outlaw]] derived from its previous use in Ireland.<ref>[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/humanrights/documents/glossary.htm Human Rights – Glossary] The National Archives</ref><ref>Robert  Willman,  "The Origins of 'Whig' and 'Tory' in English Political Language." ''Historical Journal'' 17, no. 2 (1974): 247–64. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2638297 online].</ref>

There were two Tory ministries after James II acceded to the throne: the first led by the [[Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester|Earl of Rochester]], the second by [[John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse|Lord Belasyse]]. A significant faction took part in the [[Glorious Revolution]] the military coup d'état that ousted James II with the Whigs to defend the [[Church of England]] and definitive [[Protestantism in the United Kingdom|Protestantism]]. A large but dwindling faction of Tories continued to support James in exile and his Stuart heirs to the throne, especially in 1714 after the [[Hanoverian Succession]] by [[George I of Great Britain|George I]], the first Hanoverian monarch. Although only a minority of Tories gave their adhesion to the [[Jacobitism|Jacobite risings]], this was used by the Whigs to discredit the Tories and paint them as traitors. After the advent of the Prime Ministerial system under the Whig [[Robert Walpole]], [[John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute|Lord Bute]]'s premiership in the reign of [[George III]] marked a revival. Under the [[Corn Laws]] (1815–1846) a majority of Tories supported [[protectionism|protectionist]] [[agrarianism]] with tariffs being imposed at the time for higher [[food prices]], self-sufficiency and enhanced wages in rural employment.

English Tories from the time of the Glorious Revolution up until the [[Reform Act 1832]] were characterised by strong [[Monarchism|monarchist]] tendencies, support for the [[Church of England]] and hostility to radical reform, while the [[Tories (British political party)|Tory party]] was an actual organisation which held power intermittently throughout the same period.<ref>Keith Feiling, ''The second Tory party, 1714–1832'' (1959)</ref> [[Conservatism]] began to emerge in the late 18th century—it synthesised [[moderate|moderate Whig]] economic policies and many Tory social values to create a new political philosophy and faction in opposition to the [[French Revolution]]. [[Edmund Burke]] and [[William Pitt the Younger]] led the way in this. [[Interventionism (politics)|Interventionism]] and strong armed forces were to prove a hallmark of Toryism under subsequent prime ministers. The word ''Conservative'' began to be used in place of Tory during the 1830s, as [[Robert Peel]]'s [[Peelite|followers]] began to re-interpret elements of Tory tradition under a banner of support for social reform and free trade.<ref name=bbc/> The party was eventually succeeded by the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative and Unionist Party]], with the term ''Tory'' enduring to become an interchangeable phrase with ''Conservative''.<ref name=bbc/>