Editing Tin whistle (section)

=== 19th century ===
The modern penny whistle is indigenous to [[Great Britain]] and [[Ireland]],<ref name="ReferenceC"/> in particular to England,<ref name="ReferenceC"/> when factory-made "tin whistles" were produced by Robert Clarke from 1840 to 1889 in [[Manchester]], and later New Moston, England. Down to 1900, they were also marketed as "Clarke London Flageolets" or "Clarke Flageolets".<ref name="Dannatt">Dannatt</ref> The whistle's [[Fingering (music)|fingering]] system is similar to that of the six-hole, "[[Irish flute|simple system Irish flutes]]" ("simple" in comparison to [[Boehm system]] flutes). The six-hole, diatonic system is also used on [[baroque music|baroque]] flutes, and was of course well-known before Robert Clarke began producing his tin whistles. Clarke's first whistle, the Meg, was pitched in high A, and was later made in other keys suitable for Victorian parlour music. The company showed the whistles in [[The Great Exhibition]] of 1851.<ref name="DannattCollection">{{cite web
 |author      = Dannatt, Norman
 |title       = Antique Clarke whistle collection
 |url         = http://www.chiffandfipple.com/normanscollection.htm
 |access-date  = 10 July 2006
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20060511084259/http://www.chiffandfipple.com/normanscollection.htm
 |archive-date = 11 May 2006
}}</ref> The Clarke tin whistle is voiced somewhat on an organ-pipe with a flattened tube forming the lip of the fipple mouthpiece,<ref>The Oxford companion to musical instruments By Anthony Baines</ref> and is usually made from rolled tin sheet or brass. They were mass-produced and widespread due to their relative affordability.

As the penny whistle was generally considered a toy,<ref name="ReferenceA"/> it has been suggested that children or street musicians were paid a penny by those who heard them playing the whistle. However, in reality, the instrument was so called because it could be purchased for a penny.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The name "tin-whistle" was also coined as early as 1825<ref name="OED">{{Cite web|title=Home : Oxford English Dictionary|url=https://www.oed.com/|access-date=2023-02-07|website=www.oed.com|language=en}}</ref> but neither the tin whistle nor the penny whistle name seems to have been common until the 20th century.{{efn|The words "tin whistle" and "pennywhistle" in any [[English compound|compound form]] do not generally appear in early-20th-century dictionaries, encyclopedias, or thesauri.}} The instrument became popular in several musical traditions, namely: [[Folk music of England|English]],<ref name="ReferenceB"/> [[Music of Scotland|Scottish]],<ref name="ReferenceA"/> [[Folk music of Ireland|Irish]] and<ref name="ReferenceB"/> [[American folk music|American]] traditional music.<ref name="ReferenceB"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yourirish.com/culture/music/tin-whistle|title=Traditional Tin Whistle - Irish Musical Instruments - YourIrish|last=Anraí|first=Róisín|date=2014-08-27|website=Yourirish.com|access-date=2017-09-18|language=en-US}}</ref>

Due to its affordability, the tin whistle was a popular household instrument, as ubiquitous as the harmonica.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> In the second half of the 19th century, some flute manufacturers such as Barnett Samuel and Joseph Wallis also sold whistles. These had cylindrical brass tubes. Like many old whistles, they had [[lead]] fipple plugs, and since lead is [[lead poisoning|poisonous]], caution should be exercised before playing an old whistle.

==== Low whistle ====

While whistles have most often been produced in higher pitches, the "low" whistle has historically been produced. The Museum of Fine Arts, [[Boston]], in the United States, has in its collection an example of a 19th-century low whistle from the [[Galpin collection]].<ref name="TinWhistlePage">{{cite web | title=Tin Whistle Page – History of The Irish Penny Whistle | url=https://www.celticmusicinstruments.com/tin-whistle-page/|website=Celticmusicinstruments.com | date=3 October 2015|access-date=8 June 2016 }}</ref>