Editing Tiglath-Pileser III (section)

=== Name ===
[[File:Phull and Theglathphalasar.png|thumb|upright=0.8|Kings ''Phull'' and ''Theglathphalasar'' in the 1493 [[Nuremberg Chronicle]], which confuses Tiglath-Pileser and Pulu as two different kings]]
Assyria was known for centuries primarily through its appearances in the [[Hebrew Bible]]. Mesopotamian rulers mentioned in the Bible are thus known today by the Biblical forms of their names.{{Sfn|Radner|2012}} The modern name Tiglath-Pileser therefore derives from the Hebrew version of the name,{{Sfn|Jacobs|Price|1906|p=145}} which is a corrupted form of the original form, Tukultī-apil-Ešarra.{{Sfn|Radner|2012}}''{{Sfn|Yamada|Yamada|2017|p=391}}{{Sfn|Jacobs|Price|1906|p=145}}'' Presumably a [[regnal name]], adopted upon his accession to the throne,{{Sfn|Radner|2012}} Tukultī-apil-Ešarra means "my trust belongs to the son of Ešarra." The Ešarra was a temple dedicated to the god [[Ninurta]] (who was thus the "son of Ešarra"). By the time of Tiglath-Pileser's reign, Ninurta was viewed as the son of the Assyrian national deity [[Ashur (god)|Ashur]].{{Sfn|Radner|2012}}

In some non-contemporary sources, such as the [[Canon of Kings]], the [[Babylonian King List]], the [[Bible]] and the works of later [[Babylonia|Babylonian]] and [[Greco-Roman world|Greco-Roman]] historians, Tiglath-Pileser is recorded under the name Pulu (''Pūlu'', [[File:Assyrian cuneiform U1204D MesZL 580.svg|32px]][[File:Assyrian cuneiform U12073 MesZL 813 or U121FB MesZL 812 or U121FC MesZL 814.svg|26px]]),{{Sfn|Frame|1992|pp=303–304}}{{Sfn|Bertin|1891|p=49}} the etymology of which is uncertain.{{Sfn|Yamada|Yamada|2017|p=388}} Though sometimes interpreted as a second regnal name, there are no contemporary Assyrian or Babylonian sources that refer to Tiglath-Pileser by this name and there is no evidence that it was ever used officially.{{Sfn|Frame|1992|pp=303–304}} No evidence exists of any Assyrian king ever using more than one regnal name in their lifetime.{{Sfn|Frame|1992|p=194}}

In 2007, the [[İncirli, Pazarcık|Incirli]] Trilingual inscription<ref>[https://www.hittitemonuments.com/incirli/ (2018) İncirli Stele.] hittitemonuments.com</ref> was published that gave contemporary confirmation that Pul (Pulu) and Tiglath-Pileser III were the same individual. Only the [[Phoenician language]] part of the inscription has been published so far because of the monument’s poor state of preservation. Still, the identification of Tiglath-Pileser III as Pul is reasonably sure because this phrase is repeated more than once in the text.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kaufman|first=Steve |title=The Phoenician Inscription of the Incirli Trilingual: A Tentative Reconstruction and Translation |journal=MAARAV |volume=14 |issue=2 |year=2007 |pages=7–26 |doi=10.1086/MAR200714202 |s2cid=257837087 |url=https://www.academia.edu/41060049 }}</ref> The Phoenician spelling of this name is ''Puwal''.
{{quote|Tiglath-pileser III is also referred to as Puˀ/wal [Puwal] with an intervocalic glide, spelled {{lang|he|פאל}} quite clearly in at least one place (and probably the others) in contrast to biblical פול, vocalized Pûl. If it were pronounced according to the latter then one would expect {{lang|he|פל}} in the Phoenician orthography."<ref>[https://balshanut.wordpress.com/2009/01/26/kaufman-stephen-a-the-phoenician-inscription-of-the-incirli-trilingual-a-tentative-reconstruction-and-translation-maarav-1422007-7-26/ (2009) Short version of the Incirli Trilingual text.] balshanut.wordpress.com</ref>}}

The Phoenician inscription is narrated in the first person by king [[:de:Awariku|Awariku]] (''Awarikku'', ''Warika'', ''Urikki'') of [[Quwê]], who is known from other ancient inscriptions. His [[stele]] was erected to mark the land gifted to Awariku by Tiglath-Pileser III. He is also known as the King of the [[Danaans]], or the "Danunean king". He also describes himself as 'the King of the dynasty of [[Mopsos]]'.

Some Assyriologists, such as Eckart Frahm and [[Paul-Alain Beaulieu]], have speculated that Pulu was Tiglath-Pileser's original name before he became king and assumed his regnal name{{Sfn|Frahm|2017|p=176}}{{Sfn|Beaulieu|2018|p=197}} or perhaps a nickname.{{Sfn|Beaulieu|2018|p=197}}

According to [[Gerard Gertoux]], Tiglath-Pileser III was the son of Adad-nīrārī III and used the name Pulu as a young [[co-regent]] under previous kings. When he won the kingship of Babylon, for the last two years of his life, this again became his official name in Babylon. Gertoux explains the derivation of this name as a [[hypocoristic]] use of the word ''aplu'' “the heir”.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hal.science/hal-03207471v2/document}}</ref>