Editing Tierra del Fuego (section)

===European exploration===

[[File:1572 Typus Orbis Terrarum Ortelius.jpg|thumb|World map from 1572, when the area was believed to be part of what was called [[Terra Australis]]]]
The name ''Tierra del Fuego'' was given by the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] explorer [[Ferdinand Magellan]] while sailing for the [[Monarchy of Spain|Spanish Crown]] in 1520; he was the first European to visit these lands. He believed he was seeing the many fires (''fuego'' in Spanish) of the Indigenous inhabitants, which were visible from the sea, and that the "Indians" were waiting in the forests to ambush his [[Naval fleet|armada]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe |last=Bergreen |first=Laurence |year= 2003 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-0-06-186588-6 |page=179 }}</ref>{{efn|There is no direct evidence that the name Tierra del Fuego was given to the archipelago by Magellan himself or his companions. In its modern form, this name appeared on maps only in the middle of the 16th century.<ref>{{cite book |last=Woram |first=John |year=2009 |title=Here Be Giants: Travelers' Tales from the Land of the Patagons |url=https://whalesite.org/RV/GIANTS/PDF/01-MAGELLAN.pdf |publisher=Rockville Press, Incorporated |pages=14–18 |isbn=978-0-9769336-1-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://whalesite.org/RV/TIERRA/TEXTS/PLACENAMES.htm |title=Some Place Names from Early Voyages to Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego |last=Woram |first=John |date=2012 |website=Whalesite.org |access-date=2024-08-23}}</ref>}}

In 1525, [[Francisco de Hoces]] was the first to speculate that Tierra del Fuego was one or more islands rather than part of what was then called [[Terra Australis]]. [[Francis Drake]] in 1578 and a [[Dutch East India Company]] expedition in 1616 learned more about the geography. The latter expedition named [[Cape Horn]] at [[Hornos Island]].

On his first voyage with {{HMS|Beagle}} in 1830, [[Robert FitzRoy]] picked up four native [[Fuegian]]s, including "[[Jemmy Button]]" (''Orundellico'') and [[Yokcushlu]], and brought them to England. The three who survived the voyage were taken to London to meet the king and queen and were, for a time, celebrities. They returned to Tierra del Fuego in the ''Beagle'' with FitzRoy and [[Charles Darwin]], who made extensive notes about his visit to the islands.