Editing Thymidine (section)

== Thymidine imbalance induces mutation and recombination ==
During growth of [[Escherichia virus T4 |bacteriophage T4]], an excess of thymidine availability increases [[mutation]].<ref name = Bernstein1972>{{cite journal | doi=10.1016/0027-5107(72)90171-6 | title=Stimulation of mutation in phage T4 by lesions in gene 32 and by thymidine imbalance | date=1972 | last1=Bernstein | first1=Carol | last2=Bernstein | first2=Harris | last3=Siraj | first3=Mufti | last4=Barbara | first4=Strom | journal=Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis | volume=16 | issue=2 | pages=113–119 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1007/BF00422919 | title=Reversion of bacteriophage T4rIImutants by high levels of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides | date=1982 | last1=De Vries | first1=Joanne K. | last2=Wallace | first2=Susan S. | journal=Molecular and General Genetics | volume=186 | pages=101–105 }}</ref>  A deficiency of thymidine during growth also increases mutation.<ref name = Bernstein1972/>  A thymidylate auxotroph of the diploid yeast ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' was grown under conditions in which thymidyate levels varied from excess to depletion.<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1007/BF00445881 | title=Variation of mutation and recombination frequencies over a range of thymidylate concentrations in a diploid thymidylate auxotroph | date=1983 | last1=Eckardt | first1=Friederike | last2=Kunz | first2=Bernard A. | last3=Haynes | first3=Robert H. | journal=Current Genetics | volume=7 | issue=5 | pages=399–402 | pmid=24173422 }}</ref>  High levels of thymidylate were observed to be mutagenic and recombinogenic, whereas starvation for thymidylate was recombinogenic but only slightly mutagenic.