Editing Thousand Oaks, California (section)

=== Pre-colonial period ===
[[File:Oakbrook regional park chumash indian museum thousand oaks cave paintings pictographs.jpg|thumb|2,000-year-old [[pictograph]] in Thousand Oaks.]]

[[Chumash people]] were the first to inhabit the area,<ref name="Brien, Tricia 2017 Page 7"/> settling there over 10,000 years ago. It was home to two major villages: Sap'wi ("House of the Deer") and [[Satwiwa]] ("The Bluffs").<ref name="Bidwell, Carol A. 1989 Page 13">Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley : Old and New Frontiers. Windsor Publications''. Page 13. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> Sap'wi is now by the [[Chumash Indian Museum|Chumash Interpretive Center]] which is home to multiple 2,000-year-old pictographs.<ref>Whitley, David S. (1996). ''A Guide to Rock Art Sites: Southern California and Southern Nevada''. Mountain Press Publishing. Pages 175–176. {{ISBN|9780878423323}}.</ref> [[Satwiwa]] is the home of the Native American Indian Culture Center which sits at the foothills of [[Mount Boney]] in [[Newbury Park, California|Newbury Park]], a sacred mountain to the Chumash.<ref>Riedel, Allen (2008). ''100 Classic Hikes in Southern California: San Bernardino National Forest, Angeles National Forest, Santa Lucia Mountains, Big Sur and the Sierras''. The Mountaineers Books. Page 118. {{ISBN|9781594851254}}.</ref>

A smaller village, Yitimasɨh, was located where [[Wildwood Elementary School (Thousand Oaks)|Wildwood Elementary School]] sits today.<ref>Maxwell, Thomas J. (1982). ''The Temescals of Arroyo Conejo''. California Lutheran College. Page 93.</ref><ref>Sprankling, Miriam (2002). ''Discovering the Story of The Conejo Valley''. Newbury Park, CA: Conejo Valley Historical Society. Page 9. {{ISBN|0-9725233-0-8}}.</ref> The area surrounding [[Wildwood Regional Park]] has been inhabited by the Chumash for thousands of years. Some of the artifacts discovered in Wildwood include stone tools, [[shell bead]]s and arrowheads.<ref>Palmer, Norma E. (1994). ''Santa Barbara & Ventura Counties''. Automobile Club of Southern California. Page 176. {{ISBN|9781564131867}}.</ref> Another small Chumash settlement, known as Šihaw (Ven-632i), was located where [[Lang Ranch]] sits today. A cave containing several swordfish and cupules pictographs is located here.<ref>Maxwell, Thomas J. (1982). ''The Temescals of Arroyo Conejo''. California Lutheran College. Pages 58–59.</ref> Two other villages were located by today's Ventu Park Road in Newbury Park. These were populated 2,000 years ago and had a population of 100–200 in each village.<ref name="Bidwell, Carol A. 1989 Page 13"/> Other villages included Lalimanuc (Lalimanux) and Kayɨwɨš (Kayiwish) by [[Conejo Grade]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/chis/chumash.pdf |title=Cultural Affiliation and Lineal Descent of Chumash Peoples in the Channel Islands and the Santa Monica Mountains |access-date=September 20, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921095214/https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/chis/chumash.pdf |archive-date=September 21, 2017 }} (Page 82).</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://camarillo-smart-growth.org/docs/Appendix%20C%20-%20Historic.pdf |title=Appendix C: Historic Resources Report and Peer Review |access-date=February 25, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310002703/http://camarillo-smart-growth.org/docs/Appendix%20C%20-%20Historic.pdf |archive-date=March 10, 2016 }} (Page 6).</ref><ref>http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8833s5k5?query=lalimanuc;hitNum=1#page-3 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302080601/http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8833s5k5?query=lalimanuc;hitNum=1 |date=March 2, 2016 }} (Pages 173–175).</ref>

The Chumash also had several summer encampments, including one located where [[Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza]] currently stands, known as Ipuc (Ven-654).<ref>Maxwell, Thomas J. (1982). ''The Temescals of Arroyo Conejo''. California Lutheran College. Page 20.</ref> Another summer encampment was located at the current location of [[Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center|Los Robles Hospital]].<ref>Maxwell, Thomas J. (1982). ''The Temescals of Arroyo Conejo''. California Lutheran College. Page 29.</ref>

Each village was ruled by a chief or several chieftains, who often traveled between villages to discuss matters of common interest. A council of elders directed village life and organized events. Most villages had a cemetery, gaming field, a sweat house, and a place for ceremonies.<ref>Bidwell, Carol A. (1989). ''The Conejo Valley : Old and New Frontiers''. Windsor Publications. Page 14. {{ISBN|9780897812993}}.</ref> Locally discovered tribal artifacts are at display at Satwiwa Native American Indian Culture Center and the [[Chumash Indian Museum]].<ref>Waldman, Carl (2014). ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. Infobase Publishing. Page 72. {{ISBN|9781438110103}}.</ref>

The region's recorded history dates to 1542, when [[Spain|Spanish]] explorer [[Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo]] landed at [[Point Mugu, California|Point Mugu]] and claimed the land for Spain.<ref name="pubs.usgs.gov">{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/of95-088/|website=pubs.usgs.gov|title=Preliminary Geologic Map of the Thousand Oaks 7.5' Quadrangle, Southern California: A Digital Database|access-date=November 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918110453/https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/of95-088/|archive-date=September 18, 2017}}</ref> The Battle of Triunfo, which took place by [[Triunfo Creek]], was waged over land between native Chumash and the Spanish newcomers.<ref>Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (2010). ''Conejo Valley''. Arcadia Publishing. Page 59. {{ISBN|9781439624999}}.</ref>