Editing Thermodynamics (section)

==Etymology==
<!-- the history of the term is rich, more needs to be added-->
''Thermodynamics'' has an intricate etymology.<ref name="eoht">{{cite web
|url=https://www.eoht.info/page/Thermodynamics+(etymology)
|title=Thermodynamics (etymology)
|publisher=EoHT.info
|access-date=29 October 2023
|archive-date=29 October 2023
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029004136/https://www.eoht.info/page/Thermodynamics%20(etymology)
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

By a surface-level analysis, the word consists of two parts that can be traced back to Ancient Greek. Firstly, {{wikt-lang|en|thermo-}} ("of heat"; used in words such as ''[[thermometer]]'') can be traced back to the root [[wikt:θέρμη|θέρμη]] ''therme'', meaning "heat". Secondly, the word {{wikt-lang|en|dynamics}} ("science of force [or power]")<ref>{{cite book|last=Thompson|first=Silvanus |title=The Life of William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs|volume= 1|year=1910|publisher=MacMillan and Co., Limited |page=[https://archive.org/details/b31360403_0001/page/241 241]|url=https://archive.org/details/b31360403_0001|quote=the fundamental subject of Natural Philosophy is Dynamics, or the ''science of force'' .... Every phenomenon in nature is a manifestation of force.}}</ref> can be traced back to the root [[wikt:δύναμις|δύναμις]] ''dynamis'', meaning "power".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Çengel |first=Yunus A. |title=Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach |last2=Boles |first2=Michael A. |last3=Kanoğlu |first3=Mehmet |date=2024 |publisher=McGraw Hill |isbn=978-1-266-15211-5 |edition=Tenth |location=New York, NY}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
|title=Biological Thermodynamics
|url=https://archive.org/details/biologicalthermo0000hayn
|url-access=registration
|edition=2
|author=Donald T. Haynie
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|year=2008
|page=[https://archive.org/details/biologicalthermo0000hayn/page/26 26]
}}</ref>

In 1849, the adjective ''thermo-dynamic'' is used by William Thomson.<ref name="kelvin1849">Kelvin, William T. (1849) "An Account of Carnot's Theory of the Motive Power of Heat – with Numerical Results Deduced from Regnault's Experiments on Steam." ''Transactions of the Edinburg Royal Society, XVI. January 2.''[http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/Visualiseur?Destination=Gallica&O=NUMM-95118 Scanned Copy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724100855/http://www.archive.org/stream/mathematicaland01kelvgoog |date=24 July 2017 }}</ref><ref name="smith77" />

In 1854, the noun ''thermo-dynamics'' is used by Thomson and William Rankine to represent the science of generalized heat engines.<ref name=smith77>{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Crosbie W. |title=William Thomson and the Creation of Thermodynamics: 1840-1855 |journal=Archive for History of Exact Sciences |date=1977 |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=231–288 |doi=10.1007/BF00328156 |jstor=41133471 |s2cid=36609995 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41133471 |issn=0003-9519}}</ref><ref name="eoht" />

Pierre Perrot claims that the term ''thermodynamics'' was coined by [[James Joule]] in 1858 to designate the science of relations between heat and power,<ref name="Perrot" /> however, Joule never used that term, but used instead the term ''perfect thermo-dynamic engine'' in reference to Thomson's 1849<ref name="kelvin1849" /> phraseology.<ref name="eoht" />