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==The genealogies== ===The first gods=== The world began with the spontaneous generation of four beings: first arose [[Chaos (mythology)|Chaos]] (Chasm); then came [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]] (Earth), "the ever-sure foundation of all"; "dim" [[Tartarus]], in the depths of the Earth; and [[Eros]] (Desire) "fairest among the deathless gods".<ref>''Theogony'' 116–122 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.13.xml pp. 12, 13]). West 1966, p. 192 line 116 '''Χάος''', "best translated Chasm"; Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.13.xml p. 13], translates ''Χάος'' as "Chasm", and notes: (n. 7): "Usually translated as 'Chaos'; but that suggests to us, misleadingly, a jumble of disordered matter, whereas Hesiod's term indicates instead a gap or opening". Other translations given in this section follow those given by Caldwell, pp. 5–6.</ref> From Chaos came [[Erebus]] (Darkness) and [[Nyx (mythology)|Nyx]] (Night). And Nyx "from union in love" with Erebus produced [[Aether (mythology)|Aether]] (Brightness) and [[Hemera]] (Day).<ref>''Theogony'' 123–125 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.13.xml pp. 12, 13]).</ref> From Gaia came [[Ouranos (mythology)|Uranus]] (Sky), the [[Ourea]] (Mountains), and [[Pontus (mythology)|Pontus]] (Sea).<ref>''Theogony'' 126–132 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.13.xml pp. 12, 13]).</ref> {{chart top|The first gods <ref>''Theogony'' 116–132 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.13.xml pp. 12, 13]); Caldwell, p. 5, table 3; Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA694 p. 694]; Gantz, p. xxvi.</ref>|collapsed=yes}} {{chart/start}} {{chart|}} {{chart| | | | |CHA | | | | | | | |GAI | | | | |TAR | |ERO |CHA=[[Chaos (mythology)|Chaos]]|GAI = [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]]|TAR=[[Tartarus]]|ERO=[[Eros]]}} {{chart| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.}} {{chart| | |ERE |y|NYX | |URA | |OUR | |PON |NYX=[[Nyx]]|ERE=[[Erebus]]|URA=[[Uranus (mythology)|Uranus]]|OUR=<small>The [[Ourea]]</small>|PON=[[Pontus (mythology)|Pontus]]}} {{chart| | | |,|-|^|-|.}} {{chart| | | AET | | HEM |AET=[[Aether (mythology)|Aether]]|HEM=[[Hemera]]}} {{chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} ===Children of Gaia and Uranus=== Uranus mated with Gaia, and she gave birth to the twelve [[Titan (mythology)|Titan]]s: [[Oceanus]], [[Coeus]], [[Crius]], [[Hyperion (mythology)|Hyperion]], [[Iapetus (mythology)|Iapetus]], [[Theia]], [[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]], [[Themis]], [[Mnemosyne]], [[Phoebe (Titaness)|Phoebe]], [[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]] and [[Cronus]];<ref>''Theogony'' 132–138 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.13.xml pp. 12, 13]).</ref> the [[Cyclopes]]: Brontes, Steropes and [[Arges (Cyclops)|Arges]];<ref>''Theogony'' 139–146 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.15.xml pp. 14, 15]).</ref> and the [[Hecatoncheires]] ("Hundred-Handers"): Cottus, Briareos, and Gyges.<ref>''Theogony'' 147–153 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.15.xml pp. 14, 15]).</ref> {{chart top|Children of Gaia (Earth) and Uranus (Sky) <ref>''Theogony'' 132–153 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.13.xml pp. 12, 13]); Caldwell, p. 5, table 3.</ref>|collapsed=yes}} {{chart/start}} {{chart|}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | |GAI | y |URA |GAI = [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]]|URA=[[Uranus (mythology)|Uranus]]}} {{chart| | | |,|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|+|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|-|.}} {{chart| | |OCE |!|CRI |!|IAP |!|RHE |!|MNE |!|TET |!|| |!|OCE=[[Oceanus]]|CRI=[[Crius]]|IAP=[[Iapetus (mythology)|Iapetus]]|RHE=[[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]]|MNE=[[Mnemosyne]]|TET=[[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]]}} {{chart| | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | |!}} {{chart| | | | |COE | |HYP | |THE | |THEM | |PHO | |CRO | |!|COE=[[Coeus]]|HYP=[[Hyperion (mythology)|Hyperion]]|THE=[[Theia]]|THEM=[[Themis]]|PHO=[[Phoebe (Titaness)|Phoebe]]|CRO=[[Cronus]]}} {{chart|border=0| |L|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|TIT |~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|J|!|TIT=<small>The [[Titan (mythology)|Titan]]s</small>}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|(}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | |BRO | |STE | |ARG | | | | | | | |!|BRO=[[Cyclopes|Brontes]]|STE=[[Cyclopes|Steropes]]|ARG=[[Arges (Cyclops)|Arges]]}} {{chart|border=0| | | | | | | | | |L|~|~|~|~|CYC|~|~|~|~|J| | | | | | |!|CYC=<small>The [[Cyclopes]]</small>}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|'}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | |COT | |BRI | |GYG |COT=[[Hecatoncheires|Cottus]]|BRI=[[Hecatoncheires|Briareos]]|GYG =[[Hecatoncheires|Gyges]]}} {{chart|border=0| | | | | | | | | |L|~|~|~|~|HUN|~|~|~|~|J|HUN=<small>The [[Hecatoncheires|Hundred-Handers]]</small>}} {{chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} ===Children of Gaia and Uranus' blood, and Uranus' genitals=== [[File:The Birth of Venus by William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1879).jpg|thumb|250px|''[[The Birth of Venus (Bouguereau)|The Birth of Venus]]'' by [[William-Adolphe Bouguereau]] ({{Circa|1879}})]] When Cronus castrated Uranus, from Uranus' blood which splattered onto the earth, came the [[Erinyes]] (Furies), the [[Giants (Greek mythology)|Giant]]s, and the [[Meliai]]. Cronus threw the severed genitals into the sea, around which foam developed and transformed into the [[goddess]] [[Aphrodite]].<ref>''Theogony'' 173–206 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.17.xml pp. 16, 17]).</ref> {{chart top|Children of Gaia and Uranus' blood, and Uranus' genitals <ref>''Theogony'' 183–200 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.17.xml pp. 16, 17]); Caldwell, p. 6, table 4.</ref>|collapsed=yes}} {{chart/start}} {{chart|}} {{chart| | | | | | |GAI | y |URAB | | | | |URAG |GAI = [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]]|URAB=<small>[[Uranus (mythology)|Uranus]]' blood</small>|URAG=<small>[[Uranus (mythology)|Uranus]]' genitals</small>}} {{chart| | | | | | |,|-|-|+|-|-|.| | | | | |!|}} {{chart| | | | | ERI| |GIA | |MEL | | |APH |ERI=<small>The [[Erinyes]]</small>|GIA=<small>The [[Giants (Greek mythology)|Giants]]</small>|MEL=<small>The [[Meliae]]</small>|APH=[[Aphrodite]]}} {{chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} ===Descendants of Nyx=== Meanwhile, [[Nyx]] (Night) alone produced children: [[Moros]] (Doom), [[Keres (mythology)|Ker]] (Destiny), [[Thanatos]] (Death), [[Hypnos]] (Sleep), [[Oneiros|Oneiroi]] (Dreams), [[Momus]] (Blame), [[Oizys]] (Pain), [[Hesperides]] (Daughters of Night), [[Moirai]] (Fates),<ref name="loebclassics.com">At [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.75.xml 904] the Moirai are the daughters of Zeus and Themis.</ref> [[Keres (mythology)|Keres]] (Destinies), [[Nemesis (mythology)|Nemesis]] (Retribution), [[Apate (deity)|Apate]] (Deceit), [[Philotes (mythology)|Philotes]] (Love), [[Geras]] (Old Age), and [[Eris (mythology)|Eris]] (Discord).<ref>''Theogony'' 211–225 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml pp. 20, 21]). The translations of the names used here are those given by Caldwell, p. 6, table 5.</ref> And from [[Eris (mythology)|Eris]] alone, came [[Ponos]] (Hardship), [[Lethe]] (Forgetfulness), [[Limos (mythology)|Limos]] (Starvation), [[Algos|Algea]] (Pains), [[Hysminai]] (Battles), [[Makhai]] (Wars), [[Phonoi]] (Murders), [[Androktasiai]] (Manslaughters), [[Neikea]] (Quarrels), Pseudea (Lies), Logoi (Stories), [[Amphillogiai]] (Disputes), [[Dysnomia (mythology)|Dysnomia]] (Anarchy), [[Atë|Ate]] (Ruin), and [[Horkos]] (Oath).<ref>''Theogony'' 226–232 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml pp. 20, 21]). The translations of the names used here are those given by Caldwell, p. 6, table 5.</ref> {{chart top| Children of Nyx (Night) and Eris (Discord)<ref>''Theogony'' 211–232 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml pp. 20, 21]); Caldwell, pp. 6–7, table 5.</ref>|collapsed=yes}} {{chart/start}} {{chart|}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |NYX|NYX=[[Nyx]]}} {{chart| |,|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|+|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|.}} {{chart|MOR |!|THA |!|ONE |!|OIZ |!|MOI |!|NEM |!|PHI |!| |!|MOR=[[Moros]]|THA=[[Thanatos]]|ONE=<small>[[Oneiros|Oneiroi]]</small>|OIZ=[[Oizys]]|MOI=<small>[[Moirai]]<ref name="loebclassics.com">At [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.75.xml 904] the Moirai are the daughters of Zeus and Themis.</ref></small>|NEM=[[Nemesis (mythology)|Nemesis]]|PHI=[[Philotes (mythology)|Philotes]]}} {{chart| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |!}} {{chart| | |KER | |HYP | |MOM | |HES | |KERE | |APA | |GER |!|KER=[[Keres (mythology)|Ker]]|HYP=[[Hypnos]]|MOM=[[Momus]]|HES=<small>[[Hesperides]]</small>|KERE=<small>[[Keres (mythology)|Keres]]</small>|APA=[[Apate (deity)|Apate]]|GER=[[Geras]]}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|'}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |ERI |ERI=[[Eris (mythology)|Eris]]}} {{chart| |,|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|+|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|.}} {{chart|PON |!|LIM |!|HYS |!|PHO |!|NEI |!|LOG |!|DYS |!|HOR|PON=[[Ponos]]|LIM=[[Limos (mythology)|Limos]]|HYS=<small>[[Hysminai]]</small>|PHO=<small>[[Phonoi]]</small>|NEI=<small>[[Neikea]]</small>|LOG=<small>Logoi</small>|DYS=[[Dysnomia (mythology)|Dysnomia]]|HOR=[[Horkos]]}} {{chart| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!}} {{chart| | |LET | |ALG | |MAK | |AND | |PSE | |AMP | |ATE |LET=[[Lethe]]|ALG=<small>[[Algos|Algea]]</small>|MAK=<small>[[Makhai]]</small>|AND=<small>[[Androktasiai]]</small>|PSE=<small>Pseudea</small>|AMP=<small>[[Amphillogiai]]</small>|ATE=[[Atë|Ate]]}} {{chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} ===Descendants of Gaia and Pontus=== After Uranus's castration, Gaia mated with her son Pontus (Sea) producing a descendent line consisting primarily of sea deities, sea nymphs, and hybrid monsters. Their first child [[Nereus]] (Old Man of the Sea) married [[Doris (Oceanid)|Doris]], one of the [[Oceanid]] daughters of the Titans Oceanus and Tethys, and they produced the [[Nereid]]s, fifty sea nymphs, which included [[Amphitrite]], [[Thetis]], and [[Psamathe (Nereid)|Psamathe]]. Their second child [[Thaumas]] married Electra, another Oceanid, and their offspring were [[Iris (mythology)|Iris]] (Rainbow) and the two [[Harpies]]: [[Aello]] and [[Ocypete]].<ref>''Theogony'' 233–269 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.23.xml pp. 22, 23]).</ref> Gaia and Pontus' third and fourth children, [[Phorcys]] and [[Ceto]], married each other and produced the two [[Graiae]]: [[Pemphredo]] and [[Enyo]], and the three [[Gorgons]]: [[Stheno]], [[Euryale (Gorgon)|Euryale]], and [[Medusa]]. [[Poseidon]] mated with [[Medusa]] and two offspring, the winged horse [[Pegasus]] and the warrior [[Chrysaor]], were born when the hero [[Perseus]] cut off Medusa's head. Chrysaor married [[Callirrhoe (Oceanid)|Callirhoe]], another Oceanid, and they produced the three-headed [[Geryon]].<ref>''Theogony'' 270–294 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.25.xml pp. 24, 25]).</ref> Next comes the half-nymph half-snake [[Echidna (mythology)|Echidna]]<ref>''Theogony'' 295–305 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.27.xml pp. 26, 27]).</ref> (her mother is unclear, probably Ceto, or possibly Callirhoe).<ref>The "she" at [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.27.xml 295] is ambiguous. While some have read this "she" as referring to Callirhoe, according to Clay, [https://books.google.com/books?id=2etBN0w0NGUC&pg=PA159 p. 159 n. 32], "the modern scholarly consensus" reads Ceto, see for example Gantz, p. 22; Caldwell, pp. 7, 46 295–303.</ref> The last offspring of Ceto and Phorcys was a serpent (unnamed in the ''Theogony'', later called [[Ladon (mythology)|Ladon]], by [[Apollonius of Rhodes]]) who guards the golden apples.<ref>''Theogony'' 333–336 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.29.xml pp. 28, 29]); [[Apollonius of Rhodes]], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/apollonius_rhodes-argonautica/2009/pb_LCL001.441.xml 4.1396].</ref> {{chart top|Descendants of Gaia and Pontus (Sea), and Phorcys and Ceto<ref>''Theogony'' 233–297, 333–335 (Ladon) (Most, pp. [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.23.xml 22, 23], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.29.xml 28, 29]); Caldwell, p. 7, tables 6–9; Hard, p. 696.</ref>|collapsed=yes}} {{chart/start}} {{chart|}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | |GAI |y|PON |GAI = [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]]|PON=[[Pontus (mythology)|Pontus]]}} {{chart| |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.}} {{chart|NER |y|DOR | |THA |y|ELE| |PHO |y|CET | |EUR |NER=[[Nereus]]|DOR=[[Doris (Oceanid)|Doris]]<ref>One of the [[Oceanid]] daughters of [[Oceanus]] and [[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]], at [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.31.xml 350].</ref> |THA=[[Thaumas]]|ELE=[[Electra (Oceanid)|Electra]]<ref>One of the [[Oceanid]] daughters of [[Oceanus]] and [[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]], at [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.31.xml 349].</ref> |PHO=[[Phorcys]]|CET=[[Ceto]]|EUR=[[Eurybia (mythology)|Eurybia]]}} {{chart| | | |!| | | | |,|-|-|+|-|-|.| | | | |!}} {{chart| | |NER| |IRI | |AEL | |OCY | | |!|NER=<small>The [[Nereids]]</small> <ref>The fifty sea nymphs, including: [[Amphitrite]] ( [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.23.xml 243]), [[Thetis]] ( [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.23.xml 244]), [[Acis and Galatea (mythology)|Galatea]] ( [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.23.xml 250]), and [[Psamathe (Nereid)|Psamathe]] ( [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.23.xml 260]).</ref>|IRI=[[Iris (mythology)|Iris]]|AEL=[[Aello]]|OCY=[[Ocypete]]}} {{chart|border=0 | | | | | | | | | |L|~|~|HAR |~|~|J| |!|HAR=<small>The [[Harpies]]</small>}} {{chart| | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|^|v|-|-|.}} {{chart| |PEM | |ENY | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |ECH | |LAD |PEM=[[Pemphredo]]|ENY=[[Enyo]]|ECH=[[Echidna (mythology)|Echidna?]]<ref>Who Echidna's mother is supposed to be, is unclear, she is probably Ceto, but possibly Callirhoe. The "she" at [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.27.xml 295] is ambiguous. While some have read this "she" as referring to Callirhoe, according to Clay, [https://books.google.com/books?id=2etBN0w0NGUC&pg=PA159 p. 159 n. 32], "the modern scholarly consensus" reads Ceto, see for example Gantz, p. 22; Caldwell, pp. 7, 46 295–303.</ref>|LAD= ([[Ladon (mythology)|Ladon]]) <ref>Unnamed by Hesiod, but described at [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.29.xml 334–335] as a terrible serpent who guards the golden apples.</ref>}} {{chart|border=0 |L|~|~|GRA |~|~|J|!| | | |!| | | |!| | |GRA=<small>The [[Graiai]]</small>}} {{chart| | | | | | | | |STH | |EUR | |MED |~|y|POS |STH=[[Sthenno]]|EUR=[[Euryale (Gorgon)|Euryale]]|MED=[[Medusa]]|POS=[[Poseidon]]<ref>Son of [[Cronus]] and [[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]] at [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.39.xml 456], where he is called "Earth-Shaker".</ref>}} {{chart|border=0 | | | | | | | |L|~|~|~|~|GOR |~|~|~|~|J|! | | | | | | | | |GOR=<small>The [[Gorgons]]</small>}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |PEG | |CHR |y|CAL|PEG=[[Pegasus]]|CHR=[[Chrysaor]]|CAL=[[Callirrhoe (Oceanid)|Callirhoe]]<ref name="ReferenceA">One of the [[Oceanid]] daughters of [[Oceanus]] and [[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]], at [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.31.xml 351].</ref>}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |GER|GER=[[Geryon]]}} {{chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} ===Descendants of Echidna and Typhon === Gaia also mated with Tartarus to produce [[Typhon]],<ref>''Theogony'' 821–822 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.69.xml pp. 68, 69]).</ref> whom Echidna married, producing several monstrous descendants.<ref>''Theogony'' 304–332 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.27.xml pp. 26, 27]).</ref> Their first three offspring were [[Orthrus|Orthus]], [[Cerberus]], and the [[Lernaean Hydra|Hydra]]. Next comes the [[Chimera (mythology)|Chimera]] (whose mother is unclear, either Echidna or the Hydra).<ref>The "she" at [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.29.xml 319] is ambiguous, see Clay, [https://books.google.com/books?id=2etBN0w0NGUC&pg=PA159 p. 159, with n. 34], but probably refers to Echidna, according to Gantz, p. 22; Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.29.xml p. 29 n.18]; Caldwell, p. 47 on lines 319–325; but possibly the Hydra, or less likely Ceto.</ref> Finally Orthus (his mate is unclear, either the Chimera or Echidna) produced two offspring: the [[Sphinx]] and the [[Nemean Lion]].<ref>The "she" at [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.29.xml 326] is ambiguous, see Clay, [https://books.google.com/books?id=2etBN0w0NGUC&pg=PA159 p. 159, with n. 34], but probably refers to the Chimera according to Gantz, p. 23; Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.29.xml p. 29 n. 20]; West 1988, p. 67 n. 326; but possibly to Echidna or less likely to Ceto.</ref> {{chart top|Descendants of Echidna and Typhon<ref>''Theogony'' 304–327, 821–822 (Typhon) (Most, pp. [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.27.xml 26, 27], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.69.xml 68, 69]); Caldwell, p. 8, table 10; Hard, p. 696.</ref>|collapsed=yes}} {{chart/start}} {{chart|}} {{chart| | | | | | | | |GAI |y|TAR |GAI = [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]]|TAR=[[Tartarus]]}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | | |!}} {{chart| | | | | | |ECH|y|TYP | | |QUE |ECH=[[Echidna (mythology)|Echidna]]|TYP=[[Typhon]]|QUE=Echidna (or Hydra?) <ref>Who the Chimera's mother is supposed to be, is unclear, she is probably Echidna, but possibly the Hydra.</ref>}} {{chart| | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|v|-|-|.| | |!}} {{chart| | | | |ORT|7|CER| |HYD | |CHI|ORT=[[Orthrus|Orthus]]|CER=[[Cerberus]]|HYD=[[Lernaean Hydra|Hydra]] |CHI=[[Chimera (mythology)|Chimera]]}} {{chart| | | | | | | |:}} {{chart| | | | | | | |L|y|~|CHI | | |CHI=Chimera (or Echidna?) <ref>Who Orthrus mates with is unclear, probably the Chimera, but possibly Echidna.</ref>}} {{chart| | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.|}} {{chart| | | | | |SPH | |NEM |SPH=[[Sphinx]]|NEM=[[Nemean lion]]}} {{chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} ===Descendants of the Titans=== The Titans, Oceanus, Hyperion, Coeus, and Cronus married their sisters Tethys, Theia, Phoebe and Rhea, and Crius married his half-sister Eurybia, the daughter of Gaia and her son, Pontus. From Oceanus and Tethys came the three thousand river gods (including [[Nilus (mythology)|Nilus]] [Nile], [[Alpheus (deity)|Alpheus]], and [[Scamander]]) and three thousand [[Oceanid]] nymphs (including [[Doris (Oceanid)|Doris]], Electra, [[Callirrhoe (Oceanid)|Callirhoe]], [[Styx]], [[Clymene (mythology)|Clymene]], [[Metis (mythology)|Metis]], [[Eurynome (Oceanid)|Eurynome]], [[Perse (mythology)|Perseis]], and [[Idyia]]). From Hyperion and Theia came [[Helios]] (Sun), [[Selene]] (Moon), and [[Eos]] (Dawn), and from Crius and Eurybia came [[Astraios]], [[Pallas (Titan)|Pallas]], and [[Perses (Titan)|Perses]]. From Eos and Astraios came the winds: [[Zephyrus]], [[Boreas (god)|Boreas]] and [[Notos]], [[Phosphorus (morning star)|Eosphoros]] (Dawn-bringer, i.e. [[Venus]], the Morning Star), and the Stars. From Pallas and the Oceanid Styx came [[Zelus]] (Envy), [[Nike (mythology)|Nike]] (Victory), [[Kratos (mythology)|Kratos]] (Power), and [[Bia (mythology)|Bia]] (Force).<ref>''Theogony'' 337–388 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.31.xml pp. 30, 31]). The translations of the names used here follow Caldwell, p. 8.</ref> From Coeus and Phoebe came [[Leto]] and [[Asteria]], who married Perses, producing [[Hekate]],<ref>''Theogony'' 404–411 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.35.xml pp. 34, 35]).</ref> and from Cronus and his older sister, Rhea, came Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, and Zeus.<ref>''Theogony'' 453–458 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.39.xml pp. 38, 39]).</ref> The Titan Iapetos married the Oceanid [[Clymene (wife of Iapetus)|Clymene]] and produced [[Atlas (mythology)|Atlas]], [[Menoetius (mythology)|Menoetius]], [[Prometheus]], and [[Epimetheus (mythology)|Epimetheus]].<ref>''Theogony'' 507–511 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.43.xml pp. 42, 43]).</ref> {{chart top|Descendants of the Titans<ref>''Theogony'' 337–411, 453–520 (Most, pp. [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.31.xml 30, 31], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.39.xml 38, 39]); Caldwell, pp. 8–9, tables 11–13; Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA695 p. 695].</ref>|collapsed=yes}} {{chart/start}} {{chart|}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | | |URA |y|GAI |~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|y|PON|URA=[[Uranus (mythology)|Uranus]]|GAI=[[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]]|PON=[[Pontus (mythology)|Pontus]]}} {{chart|,|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | |!|}} {{chart|!|OCE |y|TET | | | |HYP |y|THE | | | | |CRI |y|EUR|OCE=[[Oceanus]]|TET=[[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]]|HYP=[[Hyperion (mythology)|Hyperion]]|THE=[[Theia]]|CRI=[[Crius]]|EUR=[[Eurybia (mythology)|Eurybia]]}} {{chart|!|,|-|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|-|^|v|-|-|.}} {{chart|!|RIV | |OCE | |HEL | |SEL | |EOS |y|AST |F|PAL |F|PER |RIV=<small>The [[River gods (Greek mythology)|Rivers]]</small> <ref>The 3,000 river gods, of which 25 are named: [[Nilus (mythology)|Nilus]], [[Alpheus (mythology)|Alpheus]], [[Eridanos (river of Hades)|Eridanos]], [[Strymon (mythology)|Strymon]], [[Meander (mythology)|Maiandros]], [[Danube|Istros]], [[Rioni River|Phasis]], Rhesus, [[Achelous]], Nessos, Rhodius, [[Haliacmon]], Heptaporus, [[Biga Çayı|Granicus]], [[Aesepus]], [[Simoeis]], [[Peneus]], [[Hermus]], [[Bakırçay|Caicus]], [[Sangarius (mythology)|Sangarius]], [[Ladon (river)|Ladon]], [[Bartın River|Parthenius]], [[Evenus (mythology)|Evenus]], Aldeskos, [[Scamander]].</ref>|OCE=<small>The [[Oceanids]]</small> <ref>The 3,000 daughters, of which 41 are named: [[Peitho]], [[Admete (Oceanid)|Admete]], Ianthe, Electra, [[Doris (Oceanid)|Doris]], Prymno, Urania, Hippo, [[Clymene (wife of Iapetus)|Clymene]], Rhodea, [[Callirrhoe (Oceanid)|Callirhoe]], [[Zeuxo (Greek mythology)|Zeuxo]], [[Clytie (Oceanid)|Clytie]], [[Idyia]], Pasithoe, Plexaura, Galaxaura, [[Dione (Titaness)|Dione]], Melobosis, Thoe, [[Polydora]], Cerceis, [[Plouto (Oceanid)|Plouto]], [[Perse (mythology)|Perseis]], [[Ianeira]], [[Acaste (Oceanid)|Acaste]], Xanthe, Petraea, Menestho, Europa, [[Metis (mythology)|Metis]], [[Eurynome (Oceanid)|Eurynome]], [[Telesto (mythology)|Telesto]], Chryseis, [[Asia (Oceanid)|Asia]], Calypso, Eudora, [[Tyche]], Amphirho, [[Ocyrhoe]], and [[Styx]].</ref>|HEL=[[Helios]]|SEL=[[Selene]]|EOS=[[Eos]]|AST=[[Astraeus]]|PAL=[[Pallas (Titan)|Pallas]]|PER=[[Perses (Titan)|Perses]]}} {{chart|!| | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|.| |:| | | |:}} {{chart|!| | | | |ZEP| |BOR | |NOT | |EOS | |STA|:| | | |:|ZEP=[[Zephyrus]]|BOR=[[Boreas (god)|Boreas]]|NOT=[[Notos]]|EOS=[[Eosphoros]]|STA=Stars}} {{chart|!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | |:}} {{chart|! | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |STY |~|y|~|J| | | |:|STY=[[Styx]]<ref>One of the [[Oceanid]] daughters of [[Oceanus]] and [[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]], at [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.31.xml 361].</ref>}} {{chart|!| | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| |:}} {{chart|!| | | | | | | | | | | | |ZEL| |NIK | |KRA | |BIA |:|ZEL=[[Zelus]]|NIK=[[Nike (mythology)|Nike]]|KRA=[[Kratos (mythology)|Kratos]]|BIA=[[Bia (mythology)|Bia]]}} {{chart|!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:}} {{chart|)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |:}} {{chart|!| | | | | | | | | | |COE |y|PHO | | | | | | | | | | |:|COE=[[Coeus]]|PHO=[[Phoebe (Titaness)|Phoebe]]}} {{chart|!| | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |:}} {{chart|!| | | | | | | | | | |LET | |AST |~|y|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|J|LET=[[Leto]]|AST=[[Asteria]]}} {{chart|!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!}} {{chart|!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |HEC|HEC=[[Hecate]]}} {{chart|)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.}} {{chart|!| | | | | | | | | | |CRO |y|RHE |CRO=[[Cronus]]|RHE=[[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]]}} {{chart|!| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.}} {{chart|!| | |HES | |DEM | |HER | |HAD | |POS | |ZEU |HES=[[Hestia]]|DEM=[[Demeter]]|HER=[[Hera]]|HAD=[[Hades]]|POS=[[Poseidon]]|ZEU=[[Zeus]]}} {{chart|!}} {{chart|`|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | | |IAP |y|CLY |IAP=[[Iapetus (mythology)|Iapetus]]|CLY=[[Clymene (wife of Iapetus)|Clymene]]<ref name="ReferenceA">One of the [[Oceanid]] daughters of [[Oceanus]] and [[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]], at [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.31.xml 351].</ref>}} {{chart| | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.}} {{chart| | | | | | | |ATL | |MEN | |PRO | |EPI |ATL=[[Atlas (mythology)|Atlas]]|MEN=[[Menoetius (Greek mythology)|Menoetius]]|PRO=[[Prometheus]]|EPI=[[Epimetheus (mythology)|Epimetheus]]}} {{chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} ===Children of Zeus and his seven wives=== [[File:René-Antoine Houasse - Minerva.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|''The Birth of [[Minerva]]'' by [[René-Antoine Houasse]] (before 1688)]] [[Zeus]] married seven wives. His first wife was the [[Oceanid]] [[Metis (mythology)|Metis]], whom he impregnated with [[Athena]], then, on the advice of Gaia and Uranus, swallowed Metis so that no son of his by Metis would overthrow him, as had been foretold.<ref name="pp. 74, 75"/> Zeus' second wife was his aunt the Titan [[Themis]], who bore the three [[Horae]] (Seasons): [[Eunomia (goddess)|Eunomia]] (Order), [[Dike (mythology)|Dikē]] (Justice), [[Eirene (goddess)|Eirene]] (Peace); and the three [[Moirai]] (Fates):<ref name="ReferenceB">At [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml 217] the Moirai are the daughters of Nyx.</ref> [[Clotho]] (Spinner), [[Lachesis (mythology)|Lachesis]] (Allotter), and [[Atropos]] (Unbending). Zeus then married his third wife, another Oceanid, [[Eurynome (Oceanid)|Eurynome]], who bore the three [[Charites]] (Graces): [[Aglaia (Grace)|Aglaea]] (Splendor), whom Hephaestus married, [[Euphrosyne (mythology)|Euphrosyne]] (Joy), and [[Thalia (Grace)|Thalia]] (Good Cheer).<ref>''Theogony'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.75.xml 901–911]. The translations of the names used here, follow Caldwell, p. 11, except for the translations of Aglaea, Euphrosyne and Thalia, which use those given by Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.75.xml p. 75].</ref> Zeus' fourth wife was his sister, [[Demeter]], who bore [[Persephone]]. The fifth wife of Zeus was another aunt, the Titan [[Mnemosyne]], from whom came the nine [[Muses]]: [[Clio]], [[Euterpe]], [[Thalia (Muse)|Thalia]], [[Melpomene]], [[Terpsichore]], [[Erato]], [[Polyhymnia|Polymnia]], [[Urania]], and [[Calliope]]. His sixth wife was the Titan [[Leto]], who gave birth to [[Apollo]] and [[Artemis]]. Zeus' seventh and final wife was his sister [[Hera]], the mother by Zeus of [[Hebe (mythology)|Hebe]], [[Ares]], and [[Eileithyia]].<ref>''Theogony'' 912–923 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.75.xml pp. 74–77]).</ref> Zeus finally "gave birth" himself to [[Athena]], from his head, which angered Hera so much that she produced, by herself, her own son [[Hephaestus]], god of fire and blacksmiths.<ref>''Theogony'' 924–929 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.77.xml pp. 76, 77]).</ref> {{chart top|Children of Zeus and his seven wives <ref>''Theogony'' 886–929 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.75.xml pp. 74, 75]); Caldwell, p. 11, table 14.</ref>|collapsed=yes}} {{chart/start}} {{chart}} {{chart|ZEU|7|ZEU=[[Zeus]]}} {{chart| | | |D|~|~|y|~|~|~|MET|MET=[[Metis (mythology)|Metis]]<ref name="ReferenceC">One of the [[Oceanid]] daughters of [[Oceanus]] and [[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]], at [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.31.xml 358].</ref>}} {{chart| | | |:| |ATH|ATH=[[Athena]]<ref>Of Zeus' children by his seven wives, Athena was the first to be conceived ( [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.75.xml 889]), but the last to be born. Zeus impregnated Metis then swallowed her, later Zeus himself gave birth to Athena "from his head" ( [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.77.xml 924]).</ref>}} {{chart| | | |D|~|~|~|y|~|~|THE|THE=[[Themis]]}} {{chart| | | |:| | |,|^|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.}} {{chart| | | |:| |EUN| |DIK | |EIR | | |CLO | |LAC | |ATR | |EUN=[[Eunomia (goddess)|Eunomia]]|DIK=[[Dike (mythology)|Dike]]|EIR=[[Eirene (goddess)|Eirene]]|CLO=[[Clotho]]|LAC=[[Lachesis (mythology)|Lachesis]]|ATR=[[Atropos]]}} {{chart|border=0| | | |:|L|~|~|~|~|HOR |~|~|~|~|J|L|~|~|~|~|MOI|~|~|~|~|J|HOR=<small>The [[Horae]]</small>|MOI=<small>The [[Moirai]]</small> <ref name="ReferenceB">At [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml 217] the Moirai are the daughters of Nyx.</ref>}} {{chart| | | |:}} {{chart| | | |D|~|~|~|y|~|~|EUR | | | | | |F|~|~|y|DEM |EUR=[[Eurynome (Oceanid)|Eurynome]]<ref name="ReferenceC">One of the [[Oceanid]] daughters of [[Oceanus]] and [[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]], at [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.31.xml 358].</ref>|DEM=[[Demeter]]}} {{chart| | | |:| | |,|^|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |:| | |!|}} {{chart| | | |:| |AGL| |EUP | |THA | | |:| |PER|AGL=[[Aglaia (Grace)|Aglaea]]|EUP=[[Euphrosyne (mythology)|Euphrosyne]]|THA=[[Thalia (Grace)|Thalia]]|PER=[[Persephone]]}} {{chart|border=0| | | |:|L|~|~|~|~|CHA |~|~|~|~|J| |:|CHA=<small>The [[Charites]]</small>}} {{chart| | | |D|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|J}} {{chart| | | |D|~|~|~|y|~|~|MNE|MNE=[[Mnemosyne]]}} {{chart| | | |:| | |,|^|v|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|v|-|.}} {{chart| | | |:| |CLI|!|THA |!|TER |!|POL |!|CAL |CLI=[[Clio]]|THA=[[Thalia (Muse)|Thaleia]]|TER=[[Terpsichore]]|POL=[[Polyhymnia]]|CAL=[[Calliope]]}} {{chart| | | |:| | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!}} {{chart| | | |:| | | |EUT| |MEL| |ERA | |URA |EUT=[[Euterpe]]|MEL=[[Melpomene]]|ERA=[[Erato]]|URA=[[Urania]]|}} {{chart|border=0| | | |:|L|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|MUS |~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|J|MUS=<small>The [[Muses]]</small>}} {{chart| | | |:}} {{chart| | | |D|~|~|~|y|~|~|LET |F|~|~|~|~|y|~|~|~|HER |LET=[[Leto]]|HER=[[Hera]]}} {{chart| | | |:| | |,|^|-|-|.| | |:| |,|-|-|^|v|-|-|.|`|-|-|-|.}} {{chart| | | |:| |APO | |ART | |:|HEB | |ARE | |EIL | |HEP |APO=[[Apollo]]|ART=[[Artemis]]|HEB=[[Hebe (mythology)|Hebe]]|ARE=[[Ares]]|EIL=[[Eileithyia]]|HEP=[[Hephaestus]] <ref>Hephaestus is produced by Hera alone, with no father at [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.77.xml 927–929]. In the ''[[Iliad]]'' and the ''[[Odyssey]]'', Hephaestus is apparently the son of Hera and Zeus, see Gantz, p. 74.</ref>}} {{chart| | | |L|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|J}} {{chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} ===Other descendants of divine fathers=== From [[Poseidon]] and the [[Nereid]] [[Amphitrite]] was born [[Triton (mythology)|Triton]], and from [[Ares]] and [[Aphrodite]] came [[Phobos (mythology)|Phobos]] (Fear), [[Deimos (mythology)|Deimos]] (Terror), and [[Harmonia (mythology)|Harmonia]] (Harmony). Zeus, with [[Atlas (mythology)|Atlas]]'s daughter [[Maia (mythology)|Maia]], produced [[Hermes]], and with the mortal [[Alcmene]], produced the hero [[Heracles]], who married [[Hebe (mythology)|Hebe]]. Zeus and the mortal [[Semele]], daughter of Harmonia and [[Cadmus]], the founder and first king of [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]], produced [[Dionysus]], who married [[Ariadne]], daughter of [[Minos]], king of [[Crete]]. [[Helios]] and the Oceanid [[Perse (mythology)|Perseis]] produced [[Circe]], [[Aeëtes|Aeetes]], who became king of [[Colchis]] and married the Oceanid [[Idyia]], producing [[Medea]].<ref>''Theogony'' 930–962 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.77.xml pp. 76, 77]).</ref> {{chart top|Other descendants of divine fathers <ref>''Theogony'' 930–962, 975–976 (Most, pp. [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.77.xml 76, 77], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.81.xml 80, 81]); Caldwell, p. 12, table 15.</ref>|collapsed=yes}} {{chart/start}} {{chart|}} {{chart| |POS |y|AMP | | | |ARE |y|APH |POS=[[Poseidon]]|AMP=[[Amphitrite]]<ref>One of the [[Nereid]] daughters of [[Nereus]] and [[Doris (Oceanid)|Doris]], at [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.23.xml 243].</ref>|ARE=[[Ares]]|APH=[[Aphrodite]]<ref>Called by her title "Cytherea" ("of the Island [[Kythira|Cythera]]") at [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.77.xml 934].</ref>}} {{chart| | | | |!| | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.}} {{chart| | | |TRI | | | |PHO | |DEI | |HAR |y|CAD |TRI=[[Triton (mythology)|Triton]]|PHO=[[Phobos (mythology)|Phobos]]|DEI=[[Deimos (deity)|Deimos]]|HAR=[[Harmonia (mythology)|Harmonia]]|CAD=[[Cadmus]]<ref>Cadmus was the mortal founder and first king of [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]]; no parentage is given in the ''Theogony''.</ref>}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!}} {{chart| |ZEU|V|~|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|~|~|~|7| | | |!|ZEU=[[Zeus]]}} {{chart| | | | |L|y|MAI |L|y|ALC | | |L|~|y|SEM |MAI=[[Maia (mythology)|Maia]]<ref>At [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.77.xml 938] called the "Atlantid" ''i.e.'' daughter of [[Atlas (mythology)|Atlas]], according to [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=9AC4F2564ED0593B31146372FEC08E36?doc=Apollod.+3.10.1 3.10.1], she was one of the seven [[Pleiades (Greek mythology)|Pleiades]], daughters of Atlas and the [[Oceanid]] [[Pleione (mythology)|Pleione]].</ref> |ALC=[[Alcmene]]<ref>Alcmene was the granddaughter of [[Perseus]], and hence the great-granddaughter of Zeus.</ref>|SEM=[[Semele]]}} {{chart| | | | | |!| | | | |!| | | | | | | |!}} {{chart| | | | |HER | | |HERA |~|HEB| |DIO |~|ARI |HER=[[Hermes]]|HERA=[[Heracles]]|HEB=[[Hebe (mythology)|Hebe]]|DIO=[[Dionysus]]|ARI=[[Ariadne]]<ref>The daughter of [[Minos]], king of [[Crete]].</ref>}} {{chart|}} {{chart|}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | |HEL |y|PER |HEL=[[Helios]]|PER=[[Perse (mythology)|Perseis]]<ref>One of the [[Oceanid]] daughters of [[Oceanus]] and [[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]], at [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.31.xml 356].</ref>}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | |CIR | |AIE |y|IDY|CIR=[[Circe]]|AIE=[[Aeetes]]|IDY=[[Idyia]]<ref>One of the [[Oceanid]] daughters of [[Oceanus]] and [[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]], at [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.31.xml 352].</ref>}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!}} {{chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |MED|MED=[[Medea]]}} {{chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} ===Children of divine mothers with mortal fathers=== [[File:William Blake Richmond - Venus and Anchises - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Venus (mythology)|Venus]] and [[Anchises]]'' by [[William Blake Richmond]] (1889 or 1890)|thumb|350px]] The goddess [[Demeter]] joined with the mortal [[Iasion]] to produce [[Plutus]]. In addition to Semele, the goddess [[Harmonia (mythology)|Harmonia]] and the mortal [[Cadmus]] also produced [[Ino (Greek mythology)|Ino]], [[Agave (mythology)|Agave]], [[Autonoë|Autonoe]] and [[Polydorus (son of Cadmus)|Polydorus]]. [[Eos]] (Dawn) with the mortal [[Tithonus]], produced the hero [[Memnon (mythology)|Memnon]], and [[Emathion]], and with [[Cephalus]], produced [[Phaethon (son of Eos)|Phaethon]]. [[Medea]] with the mortal [[Jason]], produced [[Medus|Medius]], the [[Nereid]] [[Psamathe (Nereid)|Psamathe]] with the mortal [[Aeacus]], produced the hero [[Phocus]], the Nereid [[Thetis]], with [[Peleus]] produced the great warrior [[Achilles]], and the goddess [[Aphrodite]] with the mortal [[Anchises]] produced the [[Troy|Trojan]] hero [[Aeneas]]. With the hero [[Odysseus]], Circe would give birth to [[Agrius]], [[Latinus]], and [[Telegonus]], and Atlas' daughter [[Calypso (mythology)|Calypso]] would also bear Odysseus two sons, [[Nausithoos]] and [[Nausinous]].<ref>''Theogony'' 963–1018 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.79.xml pp. 78, 79]). According to West 1966, p. 434 on line 1014, the line, which has Circe being the mother of Telegonus, is probably a later (Byzantine?) interpolation.</ref> {{chart top|Children of goddesses with mortals <ref>''Theogony'' 969–1018 (Most, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.81.xml pp. 80, 81]); Caldwell, p. 12, table 15.</ref>|collapsed=yes}} {{chart/start}} {{chart|}} {{chart| |DEM |y|IAS | | | | | | | |HAR |y|CAD |DEM=[[Demeter]]|IAS=[[Iasion]]<ref>According to [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=9AC4F2564ED0593B31146372FEC08E36?doc=Apollod.+3.12.1 3.12.1], Iasion was the son of Zeus and [[Electra (Pleiad)|Electra]], one of the seven [[Pleiades (Greek mythology)|Pleiades]], daughters of [[Atlas (mythology)|Atlas]] and the [[Oceanid]] [[Pleione (mythology)|Pleione]].</ref>|HAR=[[Harmonia (mythology)|Harmonia]]|CAD=[[Cadmus]]}} {{chart| | | | |!| | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|^|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|.}} {{Chart| | | | PLU | | |INO | |SEM | |AGA | |AUT |~|ARI | |POL |PLU=[[Plutus]]|INO=[[Ino (Greek mythology)|Ino]]|SEM=[[Semele]]|AGA=[[Agave (mythology)|Agave]]|AUT=[[Autonoe]]|ARI=[[Aristaeus]]<ref>The son of [[Apollo]] and [[Cyrene (mythology)|Cyrene]], [[Diodorus Siculus]], [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/4D*.html#81 4.81.1–2], [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+10.17.3 10.17.3].</ref>|POL=[[Polydorus]]}} {{chart|}} {{chart|}} {{chart| | | | | |TIT |y|~|EOS |~|y|CEP | | |MED |y|JAS |TIT=[[Tithonus]]|EOS=[[Eos]]|CEP=[[Cephalus]]|MED=[[Medea]]|JAS=[[Jason]]}} {{chart| | | | | |,|-|-|^|.| | | | |!| | | | | | | | |!}} {{chart| | | | |MEM| |EMA | | |PHA | | | | | | |MED |MEM=[[Memnon (mythology)|Memnon]]|EMA=[[Emathion]]|PHA=[[Phaethon (son of Eos)|Phaethon]]|MED=[[Medeius]]}} {{chart|}} {{chart| | | | | |PSA |y|AIA | |THE |y|PEL | |APH |y|ANC |PSA=[[Psamathe (Nereid)|Psamathe]]<ref>One of the [[Nereid]] daughters of [[Nereus]] and [[Doris (Oceanid)|Doris]], at [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.23.xml 260].</ref>|AIA=[[Aeacus]]|THE=[[Thetis]]<ref>One of the [[Nereid]] daughters of [[Nereus]] and [[Doris (Oceanid)|Doris]], at [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.23.xml 245].</ref>|PEL=[[Peleus]]|APH=[[Aphrodite]]|ANC=[[Anchises]]}} {{chart| | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |! | | | | | | | |!}} {{chart| | | | | | | |PHO | | | | | |ACH | | | | | |AEN|PHO=[[Phocus]]|ACH=[[Achilles]]|AEN=[[Aeneas]]}} {{chart|}} {{chart|}} {{chart| | | | | | |CIR|y|~|~|~|ODY |~|~|~|~|y|CAL |CIR=[[Circe]]|ODY=[[Odysseus]]|CAL=[[Calypso (mythology)|Calypso]]<ref>According to Caldwell, p. 49 on line 359, this Calypso, elsewhere the daughter of [[Atlas (mythology)|Atlas]], is "probably not" the same Calypso named at [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.31.xml 359] as one of the Oceanid daughters of [[Oceanus]] and [[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]]; see also West 1966, p. 267 359. '''καὶ ἱμερόεσσα Καλυψώ'''; Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA41 p. 41].</ref>}} {{chart| | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|.| | | | | |,|-|^|-|.}} {{chart| | | | |AGR | |LAT | |TEL | | |NAU1 | |NAU2 |AGR=[[Agrius]]|LAT=[[Latinus]]|TEL=[[Telegonus]]<ref>According to West 1966, p. 434 on line 1014, the line, which has Circe being the mother of Telegonus, is probably a later (Byzantine?) interpolation.</ref>|NAU1=[[Nausithous]]|NAU2=[[Nausinous]]}} {{chart/end}} {{chart bottom}}
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