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===Naval history and strategy=== While at Harvard, Roosevelt began a systematic study of the role played by the [[United States Navy]] in the [[War of 1812]].{{Sfn|Roosevelt|1913|p=35}}{{Sfn|Morris|1979|p=565}} He ultimately published ''[[The Naval War of 1812]]'' in 1882. The book included comparisons of British and American leadership down to the ship-to-ship level. It was praised for its scholarship and style, and remains a standard study of the war.<ref name="mjcrawford1">{{cite journal|last1=Crawford|first1=Michael J.|title=The Lasting Influence of Theodore Roosevelt's Naval War of 1812|journal=International Journal of Naval History|date=April 2002|volume=1|issue=1|url=http://www.ijnhonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/pdf_crawford.pdf|access-date=October 6, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713113248/http://www.ijnhonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/pdf_crawford.pdf|archive-date=July 13, 2018}}</ref> With the 1890 publication of ''[[The Influence of Sea Power upon History]],'' [[Alfred Thayer Mahan]] was hailed as the world's outstanding naval theorist by European leaders. Mahan popularized a concept that only nations with significant naval power had been able to influence history, dominate oceans, exert their diplomacy to the fullest, and defend their borders.<ref>{{Cite journal |jstor = 2711707|title = The Nature of "Influence": Roosevelt, Mahan and the Concept of Sea Power|journal = American Quarterly|volume = 23|issue = 4|pages = 585β600|last1 = Karsten|first1 = Peter|year = 1971|doi = 10.2307/2711707 |issn=0003-0678 }}</ref><ref>Richard W. Turk, ''The Ambiguous Relationship: Theodore Roosevelt and Alfred Thayer Mahan'' (1987) [https://www.questia.com/library/2008464/the-ambiguous-relationship-theodore-roosevelt-and online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611162223/https://www.questia.com/library/2008464/the-ambiguous-relationship-theodore-roosevelt-and |date=June 11, 2016 }}</ref> It has been believed Roosevelt's naval ideas were derived from Mahan's book, but naval historian Nicholas Danby felt Roosevelt's ideas predated Mahan's book.<ref>{{Cite magazine | last = Danby | first = Nicholas | title = The Roots of Roosevelt's Navalism| magazine = [[Naval History]] | date = February 2021 | url = https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/2021/february/roots-roosevelts-navalism}}</ref>
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