Editing The Star-Spangled Banner (section)

===John Stafford Smith's music===
[[File:JohnStaffordSmith01.jpg|thumb|A memorial to [[John Stafford Smith]] in [[Gloucester Cathedral]] in [[Gloucester]], England]]
Key gave the poem to his brother-in-law Joseph H. Nicholson who saw<!-- disputed https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k24n5JVaFFY --> that the words fit the popular melody "[[The Anacreontic Song]]", by English composer [[John Stafford Smith]]. This was the official song of the [[Anacreontic Society]], an 18th-century gentlemen's club of amateur musicians in London. Nicholson took the poem to a printer in Baltimore, who anonymously made the first known [[broadside (music)|broadside]] printing on September 17; of these, two known copies survive.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Star_Spangled_Banner_(Carr)_(1814).png|title=File:Star Spangled Banner (Carr) (1814).png|date=November 1814 }}</ref>

On September 20, both the ''Baltimore Patriot'' and ''The American'' printed the song, with the note "Tune: Anacreon in Heaven". The song quickly became popular; it was ultimately printed in 17 newspapers from Georgia to New Hampshire. Soon after, Thomas Carr of the Carr Music Store in Baltimore published the words and music together under the title "The Star Spangled Banner", although it was originally called "Defence of Fort M'Henry". Thomas Carr's arrangement introduced the raised fourth which became the standard deviation from "The Anacreontic Song".<ref>Clague, Mark, and Jamie Vander Broek. "[https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/120293/star_spangled_banner_14.pdf Banner moments: the national anthem in American life]". University of Michigan, 2014. 4.</ref> The song's popularity increased and its first public performance took place in October when Baltimore actor [[Ferdinand Durang]] sang it at Captain McCauley's [[tavern]]. [[Washington Irving]], then editor of the ''[[Analectic Magazine]]'' in Philadelphia, reprinted the song in November 1814.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

By the early 20th century, there were various versions of the song in popular use. Seeking a singular, standard version, President [[Woodrow Wilson]] tasked the [[U.S. Bureau of Education]] with providing that official version. In response, the Bureau enlisted the help of five musicians to agree upon an arrangement. Those musicians were [[Walter Damrosch]], [[Will Earhart]], Arnold J. Gantvoort, [[Oscar Sonneck]] and [[John Philip Sousa]]. The standardized version that was voted upon by these five musicians premiered at [[Carnegie Hall]] on December 5, 1917, in a program that included [[Edward Elgar]]'s ''Carillon'' and [[Gabriel Pierné]]'s ''The Children's Crusade''. The concert was put on by the [[Oratorio Society of New York]] and conducted by [[Walter Damrosch]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oratoriosocietyofny.org/FeaturesArchive/StarSpangledBanner.html |title=Oratorio Society of New York – Star Spangled Banner |website=Oratoriosocietyofny.org |access-date=April 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821104152/http://www.oratoriosocietyofny.org/FeaturesArchive/StarSpangledBanner.html |archive-date=August 21, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An official handwritten version of the final votes of these five men has been found and shows all five men's votes tallied, measure by measure.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/roadshow/archive/201101T20.html |title=Standardization Manuscript for "The Star Spangled Banner" &#124; Antiques Roadshow |publisher=[[PBS]] |access-date=April 18, 2017 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305152919/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/roadshow/archive/201101T20.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>