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===Fur trade=== The first use of the name ''Dalles'', according to ''[[Oregon Geographic Names]],'' appears in fur trader [[Gabriel Franchère]]'s ''Narrative'', on April 12, 1814, referring to the long series of major rapids in the river.<ref name=OGN/> Starting in the 1810s, Americans and Europeans passed by what became The Dalles, active in the [[North American fur trade]] as employees of either the American [[Pacific Fur Company]] (PFC) or the Canadian North West Company (NWC). Men like NWC officer [[David Thompson (explorer)|David Thompson]] voyaged both down and up the Columbia, traveling through Celilo Falls. The [[War of 1812]] led to the 1813 liquidation of the PFC, its properties like [[Fort Astoria]] sold to the North West Company.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/historical_records/dspDocument.cfm?doc_ID=1BB54FF5-E32A-ADF7-9FC4C75B10C2B48D |title= Fort Astoria, 1813 |publisher= [[Oregon Historical Society]] |access-date=August 28, 2011}}</ref> [[Image:The Dalles early.jpg|thumb|left|Early illustration of The Dalles, attributed to Joseph Drayton]] In 1821 the North West Company was absorbed by the giant London-based [[Hudson's Bay Company]] (HBC). [[Fort Vancouver]], built in 1824, replaced Fort Astoria as the regional fur trade headquarters. The HBC's trading network made extensive use of the Columbia River. The rapids of the Columbia River at The Dalles was the largest and longest of the four "great portages", where fur trading boats had to unload and transship their cargoes. Sometimes, during high water, boats traveling downriver would "shoot the rapids" instead of portaging, although the practice was dangerous and many people died as a result over the years.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gibson|first=James R.|title=The Lifeline of the Oregon Country: The Fraser-Columbia Brigade System, 1811–47|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4imt4oeWrr0C&pg=PA6|access-date=August 28, 2011|year=1998|publisher=UBC Press|isbn=978-0-7748-0643-5|page=114}}</ref> {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | header = The Dalles in the 1880s | width = 200 | image1 = 1880 The Dalles, Oregon.jpeg | alt1 = | caption1 = Second Street {{circa|1880}} | image2 = 1880 Umatilla House The Dalles, Oregon.jpeg | alt2 = | caption2 = The Umatilla House hotel {{circa|1880|lk=no}} | image3 = 1881 E. B. McFarland House The Dalles, Oregon.jpeg | caption3 = E. B. McFarland House {{circa|1881|lk=no}} }}
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