Editing Texaco (section)

===1964–98: Various ventures ===
[[File:Texaco gas pumps, Milford, Illinois (LOC).jpg|thumb|Texaco gas pumps in [[Milford, Illinois]], photographed in 1977]]
[[File:Cattoir Texaco, Arroyo Grande, California LCCN2017707343.tif|thumb|Station in [[Arroyo Grande, California]], 1977]]
In 1964, Texaco introduced the "Matawan" service station design at a station in [[Matawan, New Jersey]].<ref>[http://www.texaco.com/sitelets/history/history_stations.html Texaco: Service Stations], accessed November 23, 2006 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701084448/http://www.texaco.com/sitelets/history/history_stations.html |date=July 1, 2017 }}</ref> Two years later, Texaco replaced the long-running banjo sign with a new [[hexagon]] logo that had previously been test-marketed with the "Matawan" station design introduced two years earlier. The new logo featured a red outline with TEXACO in black bold lettering and a small banjo logo with a red star and green T at bottom. The following year, the Regent name was replaced by Texaco at British petrol stations.<ref name=Autocar1967>{{cite magazine|title=News and Views: Regent become Texaco|magazine=[[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]] |volume=127 | issue = 3746 |page=48|date=November 30, 1967}}</ref> In 1970, in response to increasingly-stringent federal [[vehicle emissions standard]]s that would induce automakers to install [[catalytic converter]]s requiring equipped vehicles to run on unleaded gasoline, Texaco introduced their first regular-octane no-lead gasoline at stations in the Los Angeles area and throughout [[Southern California]]. Lead-Free Texaco became available nationwide in 1974. On November 20, 1980, the [[Lake Peigneur|Lake Peigneur/Jefferson Island disaster]] occurred. Two years later, a new service station design was introduced. Several product names were also changed with the advent of self-service, including Lead-free Texaco to Texaco Unleaded, [[Fire Chief]] to Texaco Regular, and Super Lead-free Sky Chief to Texaco Super Unleaded.

At the end of 1981 and the beginning of 1982, members of the Medellín Cartel (including [[Pablo Escobar]]), the Colombian military, the U.S.-based corporation [[Texas Petroleum]], the Colombian legislature, small industrialists, and wealthy cattle ranchers came together in a series of meetings in [[Puerto Boyacá]], and formed a [[paramilitarism in Colombia|paramilitary organization]] known as ''[[Muerte a Secuestradores]]'' ("Death to Kidnappers", MAS) to defend their economic interests, and to provide protection for local elites from kidnappings and extortion.<ref name="hrw-killnet-ii">HRW, 1996: [http://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1996/killer2.htm "II. History of the Military-Paramilitary Partnership"]</ref><ref name="richani-systems-38">Richani, 2002: p.38</ref><ref name="blood-capital-65-68">Hristov, 2009: [https://books.google.com/books?id=cb49FuJaaCwC&pg=PA65 pp. 65-68]</ref> By 1983, Colombian internal affairs had registered 240 political killings by MAS death squads, mostly community leaders, elected officials, and farmers.<ref>Santina, Peter "Army of terror", [[Harvard International Review]], Winter 1998/1999, Vol. 21, Issue 1</ref> 
[[File:Posto texaco poá.jpg|thumb|left|Texaco fuel station in [[Poá]] ([[São Paulo]]), [[Brazil]], 2009]]
On November 19, 1985, [[Pennzoil]] won a US$10.53-billion verdict against Texaco, the largest [[civil lawsuit|civil]] verdict in US history up to that date.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Glassman |first=James |title=The Houstorian Calendar: Today in Houston History |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-4396-6623-4 |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref> The court case sprang from Texaco having established a signed contract to buy [[Getty Oil]] after Pennzoil entered into an unsigned—yet binding—buyout contract with [[Gordon Getty]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Texaco-Inc| title=Texaco Inc. {{!}} American corporation| encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica| access-date=2018-04-10| date=February 19, 2014| language=en}}</ref> In 1987, Texaco filed for bankruptcy. It was the largest in U.S. history until 2001.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bankruptcydata.com/Research/Largest_Overall_All-Time.pdf| title=Largest corporate bankruptcies| publisher=Bankruptcydata.com| access-date=2013-04-27| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904063625/http://www.bankruptcydata.com/Research/Largest_Overall_All-Time.pdf|archive-date=2015-09-04| url-status=dead}}</ref>

In January 1989, Texaco and [[Saudi Aramco]] agreed to form a joint venture known as Star Enterprise in which Saudi Aramco would own a 50% share of Texaco's refining and marketing operations in the eastern U.S. and Gulf Coast.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/03/business/saudi-texaco-joint-venture.html|title=Saudi-Texaco Joint Venture|date=January 3, 1989|work=The New York Times| page=11|access-date=June 10, 2009}}</ref> In 1989, Texaco introduced System3 gasolines in all three grades of fuel, featuring the latest detergent additive technology to improve performance by reducing deposits that clog fuel injection systems. The Toronto-based Texaco Canada Incorporated subsidiary was sold to [[Imperial Oil]] with all Texaco Canada retail operations converted to [[Esso]] brand.<ref>{{Cite web|last=DeMONT|first=JOHN|title=TEXACO CANADA SAYS GOODBYE {{!}} Maclean's {{!}} JANUARY 30, 1989|url=https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1989/1/30/texaco-canada-says-goodbye|access-date=2021-12-23|website=Maclean's {{!}} The Complete Archive|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223230602/https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1989/1/30/texaco-canada-says-goodbye|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Texaco Canada Inc {{!}} The Canadian Encyclopedia|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/texaco-canada-inc|access-date=2021-12-23|website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca}}</ref> Two years later, the company was awarded the [[National Medal of Arts]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.arts.gov/honors/medals/last-name-all| title=National Medal of Arts| work=NEA| access-date=April 10, 2018| publisher=[[National Endowment for the Arts]]| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100120001719/http://www.nea.gov/honors/medals/medalists_year.html |archive-date=2010-01-20}}</ref> In 1993, several dozen tribal leaders and residents from the [[Ecuador]]an [[Amazon River|Amazon]] filed a billion-dollar class-action lawsuit against Texaco, as a result of massive ecological pollution of the area and rivers around Texaco's Ecuadorian [[offshore drilling]] sites, causing toxic [[contamination]] of approximately 30,000 residents.<ref>{{cite episode| url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=103233560| title=Rain Forest Residents, Texaco Face Off In Ecuador| access-date=April 10, 2018| network=[[NPR]]| series=[[Morning Edition]]| date=April 30, 2009| last=Forero| first=Juan}}</ref>

In 1994, Texaco's System3 gasolines were replaced by new CleanSystem3 gasoline, marketed with claims of improved engine performance through additives designed to clean carbon from car-engine intake valves and combustion chambers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McInerney |first=Francis |title=The Total Quality Corporation: How 10 Major Companies Turned Quality and Environmental Challenges to Competitive Advantage in the 1990s |last2=White |first2=Sean |date=1995 |publisher=North River Ventures |isbn=978-0-525-93928-3 |location=New York |pages=61 |language=en}}</ref> In 1995, Texaco merged their Danish and Norwegian downstream operations with those of [[Norsk Hydro]] under the new brand HydroTexaco. This joint venture was sold in 2007 to Norwegian retail interests as [[YX Energi]], following the purchase of Hydro by [[Statoil]]. In 1996, Texaco paid over $170 million to settle [[racial discrimination]] lawsuits filed by [[African American|Black]] employees at the company. It was the largest racial-discrimination lawsuit settlement in the U.S. at the time, and was particularly damaging to Texaco's public relations when tapes were released of meetings with company executives planning to destroy incriminating evidence.<ref>{{cite news |date=16 November 1996|title=Texaco Settles Race Bias Suit for $176 Million|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-11-16-mn-65290-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506021943/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-11-16-mn-65290-story.html|archive-date=6 May 2019|last1=Mulligan|first1=Thomas S.|last2=Kraul|first2=Chris|access-date=15 October 2024}}</ref>