Editing Testosterone (section)

==== Before birth ====
Effects before birth are divided into two categories, classified in relation to the stages of development.

The first period occurs between 4 and 6 weeks of the gestation. Examples include genital virilisation such as midline fusion, [[Primordial phallus|phallic]] [[urethra]], [[scrotum|scrotal]] thinning and [[rugae|rugation]], and [[Primordial phallus|phallic]] enlargement; although the role of testosterone is far smaller than that of [[dihydrotestosterone]]. There is also development of the [[prostate]] gland and [[seminal vesicle]]s.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

During the second trimester, androgen level is associated with [[sex]] formation.<ref name="pmid19403051">{{cite journal | vauthors = Swaab DF, Garcia-Falgueras A | title = Sexual differentiation of the human brain in relation to gender identity and sexual orientation | journal = Functional Neurology | volume = 24 | issue = 1 | pages = 17–28 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19403051 }}</ref> Specifically, testosterone, along with anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) promote growth of the Wolffian duct and degeneration of the Müllerian duct respectively.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Xu HY, Zhang HX, Xiao Z, Qiao J, Li R | title = Regulation of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in males and the associations of serum AMH with the disorders of male fertility | journal = Asian Journal of Andrology | volume = 21 | issue = 2 | pages = 109–114 | date = 2019 | pmid = 30381580 | pmc = 6413543 | doi = 10.4103/aja.aja_83_18 | doi-access = free }}</ref> This period affects the femininization or masculinization of the fetus and can be a better predictor of feminine or masculine behaviours such as sex typed behaviour than an adult's own levels. Prenatal androgens apparently influence interests and engagement in gendered activities and have moderate effects on spatial abilities.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Berenbaum SA | title = Beyond Pink and Blue: The Complexity of Early Androgen Effects on Gender Development | journal = Child Development Perspectives | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 58–64 | date = March 2018 | pmid = 29736184 | pmc = 5935256 | doi = 10.1111/cdep.12261 }}</ref> Among women with [[congenital adrenal hyperplasia]], a male-typical play in childhood correlated with reduced satisfaction with the female gender and reduced heterosexual interest in adulthood.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hines M, Brook C, Conway GS | s2cid = 33519930 | title = Androgen and psychosexual development: core gender identity, sexual orientation and recalled childhood gender role behavior in women and men with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) | journal = Journal of Sex Research | volume = 41 | issue = 1 | pages = 75–81 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 15216426 | doi = 10.1080/00224490409552215 }}</ref>