Editing Talmud (section)

===Jerusalem Talmud===
{{Main|Jerusalem Talmud}}
[[File:Yerushalmi Talmud.jpg|thumb|A page of a medieval Jerusalem Talmud manuscript, from the [[Cairo Geniza]]]]
The Jerusalem Talmud (''Talmud Yerushalmi'') is known by several other names, including the Palestinian Talmud<ref>{{cite web |last1=Moscovitz |first1=Leib |date=January 12, 2021 |title=Palestinian Talmud/Yerushalmi |url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780199840731/obo-9780199840731-0151.xml |access-date=December 19, 2022 |work=[[Oxford Bibliographies Online]] |doi=10.1093/OBO/9780199840731-0151 |isbn=978-0-19-984073-1}}</ref> (which is more accurate, as it was not compiled in Jerusalem), or the {{Lang|he|Talmuda de-Eretz Yisrael}} ("Talmud of the Land of Israel").<ref>{{Cite book |last=Schiffman |first=Lawrence |title=From Text to Tradition: A History of Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism |date=1991 |publisher=Ktav Publishing House |isbn=978-0-88125-372-6 |location= |pages=227}}</ref> The Jerusalem Talmud was a written codification of oral tradition that had been circulating for centuries<ref name = "Britannica">{{Cite encyclopedia
|url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/439785/Palestinian-Talmud
|title = Palestinian Talmud
|year = 2010
|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica
|access-date = August 4, 2010
}}
</ref> and represents a compilation of scholastic teachings and analyses on the [[Mishnah]] (especially those concerning agricultural laws) found across regional centres of the [[Land of Israel]] now known as the [[Talmudic Academies in Syria Palaestina|Academies in Galilee]] (principally those of [[Tiberias]], [[Sepphoris]], and [[Caesarea Maritima|Caesarea]]). It is written largely in [[Jewish Palestinian Aramaic]], a [[Western Aramaic languages|Western Aramaic language]] that differs from [[Jewish Babylonian Aramaic|its Babylonian counterpart]].<ref name = "JSTOR">{{Cite journal
|title = Scholarly Dictionaries of Two Dialects of Jewish Aramaic
|year = 2005
|journal=  AJS Review
|jstor = 4131813
|last1 = Levine
|first1 = Baruch A.
|volume = 29
|issue = 1
|pages = 131–144
|doi = 10.1017/S0364009405000073
|s2cid = 163069011
}}</ref><ref name = "Project Gutenberg">{{Cite book
|url = https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37985/37985-h/37985-h.htm
|title = A Literary History of the Arabs
|author = Reynold Nicholson
|year = 2011
|publisher = Project Gutenberg, with Fritz Ohrenschall, Turgut Dincer, Sania Ali Mirza
|access-date =  May 20, 2021}}</ref> The compilation was likely made between the late fourth to the first half of the fifth century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Amsler |first=Monika |title=The Babylonian Talmud and late antique book culture |date=2023 |publisher=Cambridge university press |isbn=978-1-009-29733-2 |location=Cambridge |pages=127}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hezser |first=Catherine |date=2018 |title=The Creation of the Talmud Yerushalmi and Apophthegmata Patrum as Monuments to the Rabbinic and Monastic Movements in Early Byzantine Times |url=https://www.academia.edu/26503937 |journal=Jewish Studies Quarterly |language=en |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=368 |doi=10.1628/jsq-2018-0019 |issn=0944-5706}}</ref>

Despite its incomplete state, the Jerusalem Talmud remains an indispensable source of knowledge of the development of the Jewish Law in the Holy Land. It was also an important primary source for the study of the Babylonian Talmud by the [[Kairouan]] school of [[Chananel ben Chushiel]] and [[Nissim ben Jacob]], with the result that opinions ultimately based on the Jerusalem Talmud found their way into both the [[Tosafot]] and the [[Mishneh Torah]] of [[Maimonides]]. Ethical maxims contained in the Jerusalem Talmud are scattered and interspersed in the legal discussions throughout the several treatises, many of which differ from those in the Babylonian Talmud.<ref>Mielziner, M. (Moses), Introduction to the Talmud (3rd edition), New York 1925, p. [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015013247625;view=1up;seq=7 xx]</ref>