Editing TIGR (section)

== Early activity ==
The first organized anti-Fascist resistance activities in the Julian March began in the mid 1920s in the easternmost districts of the region (around [[Postojna]] and [[Ilirska Bistrica]]), on the border with [[Yugoslavia]]. Local Slovene activists established contacts with the Yugoslav nationalist organization [[Orjuna]], launching first attacks at Italian military and police personnel. These were however still mostly individual actions, without an organizational background. The connections between the Slovene anti-Fascist activists and the Orjuna were soon broken due to a different ideological agenda.

In September 1927, a group of Slovene [[liberal nationalist]] activists met on the [[Nanos (plateau)|Nanos Plateau]] above the [[Vipava Valley]], and decided to form an insurgence organization called TIGR, an abbreviation of the names for [[Trieste]], [[Istria]], [[Gorizia]], and [[Rijeka]]. A few months later, another meeting took place in Trieste, where a group connected to the former established the organization ''Borba'' (Fight), which also included some Croat activists from Istria.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Kacin-Wohinz |first=Milica |title=Borba |encyclopedia=Enciklopedija Slovenije |year=1987 |volume=1 |page=328 |publisher=Mladinska knjiga |location=Ljubljana |quote=BORBA, ilegalna protifašistična narodnorevolucionarna organizacija slov. in hrv. mladine ...}}</ref> From the very beginning, the two groups worked in close alliance.

The two organization were formed mostly by Slovene progressive nationalist youngsters from Trieste, the [[Karst Plateau]], [[Inner Carniola]], and the [[Tolmin]] district. Between 1927 and 1930, the organization launched numerous attacks on individual members or supporters of the National Fascist Party (both Italian and Slovene), and also killed several members of repressive forces: [[carabinieri]], border guards, military personnel.

In the [[Goriška|Gorizia]] region, the TIGR organization restrained from openly violent actions, and focused mostly on propaganda and on illegal educational, cultural and political activity among larger strata of the population. The Gorizia section of the TIGR established close connections with the underground Catholic network organized by [[Christian Socialist]] activists, centered around the lawyer [[Janko Kralj]] and priest [[Virgil Šček]].

In Istria, the TIGR cell was led by [[Vladimir Gortan]], a Croat activist from Beram (near [[Pazin]]).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Kacin-Wohinz |first=Milica |title=Vladimir Gortan |encyclopedia=Enciklopedija Slovenije |year=1989 |volume=3 |page=301 |publisher=Mladinska knjiga |location=Ljubljana |quote=GORTAN, Vladimir ... hrv. rodoljub.}}</ref> Differently from most Slovene cells, Gortan opted for open demonstrative actions, such as attacks on police convoys. In March 1929, during the Fascist plebiscite, when he raided a polling station near the town of [[Pazin]], killing one peasant. Soon afterwards, he was caught by the Italian police and executed.

On 10 February 1930, in the headquarters of the newspaper ''Il Popolo di Trieste'', the TIGR places a bomb killing the editor Guido Neri. Three other journalists and typographers remained injured.<ref name=TSdS>{{in lang|it}} Tribunale speciale per la difesa dello Stato, [http://www.coordinamentoadriatico.it/files/Sentenza Bevk-January 1930.pdf Reg. no.81/1930 Judgment No. 29], on [http://www.coordinamentoadriatico.it/index.php coordinamentoadriatico.it] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323155202/http://www.coordinamentoadriatico.it/index.php |date=2012-03-23 }}</ref>

In 1930 the [[Italian Fascism|Italian fascist]] police discovered some TIGR cells. Numerous members of the organization were sentenced at the [[First Trieste trial]]; four of them ([[Ferdo Bidovec]], [[Fran Marušič]], [[Zvonimir Miloš]] and [[Alojzij Valenčič]]), charged with murder, were sentenced to death and executed at [[Basovizza]] ({{langx|sl|Bazovica}}) near Trieste.