Editing Syracuse University (section)

===Expansion===
[[File:Annual Class of Syracuse University, July 1876, from Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views.jpg|thumb|First Annual Class of Syracuse University in July 1876]]

Coeducation at Syracuse traced its roots to the early days of Genesee College where educators and students like [[Frances Willard (suffragist)|Frances Willard]] and [[Belva Lockwood]] were heavily influenced by the Women's movement in nearby [[Seneca Falls, New York]]. However, the progressive "co-ed" policies practiced at Genesee would soon find controversy at the new university in Syracuse.{{sfn|Greene|2000}} Colleges and universities admitted few women students in the 1870s. Administrators and faculty argued women had inferior minds and could not master mathematics and the classics. [[Erastus Otis Haven]], Syracuse University chancellor and former president of the [[University of Michigan]] and [[Northwestern University]], maintained that women should receive the advantages of higher education. He enrolled his daughter Frances at Syracuse, where she joined the other newly admitted female students in founding the [[Gamma Phi Beta]] sorority.{{sfn|Greene|2000}} The inclusion of women in the early days of the university led to the proliferation of various women's clubs and societies. Frank Smalley, a Syracuse professor coined the term "[[sorority]]" specifically for [[Gamma Phi Beta]].<ref name="smalley" />
[[File:Hall of Languages at Syracuse University, as seen from Newhouse Steps.jpg|thumb|The Hall of Languages was the first building on the Syracuse University campus, opening in 1873.]]

[[File:Crousecollegesu.jpg|thumb|[[Crouse College]], a [[Romanesque Revival architecture|Romanesque]] building completed in 1889, housed the first [[School of Fine Arts|College of Fine Arts]] in the U.S. It is now the home of the [[Setnor School of Music]].]]

In the late 1880s, the university engaged in a rapid building spree. Holden Observatory (1887)<ref name="holden" /> was followed by two Romanesque Revival buildings&nbsp;– [[Ranke Library|von Ranke Library]] (1889), now Tolley Humanities Building,<ref name="tolley2" /> and [[Crouse College]] (1889).<ref name="crouse1" /> Together with the [[Hall of Languages, Syracuse University|Hall of Languages]], these first buildings formed the basis for the "Old Row," a grouping which, along with its companion Lawn, established one of Syracuse's most enduring images.{{sfn|Gorney|2006}} The emphatically linear organization of these buildings along the brow of the hill follows a tradition of American campus planning which dates to the construction of the "[[Old Campus|Yale Row]]" in the 1790s. At Syracuse, "The Old Row" continued to provide the framework for growth well into the twentieth century.{{sfn|Gorney|2006}}

[[File:Syracuse-university 1908 winter.jpg|thumb|Left to right: [[Hall of Languages, Syracuse University|Hall of Languages]] and [[Ranke Library|
Von Ranke Library]]<ref name="tolley1" />]]

From its founding until the early 1920s, the university grew rapidly. It offered programs in the physical sciences and modern languages, and in 1873, Syracuse added one of the first architecture programs in the U.S.{{sfn|Greene|Baron|1996}} It was also the first institution to grant a [[Bachelor of Fine Arts|Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA)]] degree in the United States.<ref name="Syracuse University History 2"/> In 1874, Syracuse created the nation's first bachelor of fine arts degree.<ref name="Syracuse University History" /> In 1876, the school offered its first post-graduate courses in the College of Arts and Sciences.{{sfn|Greene|Baron|1996}} SU created its first doctoral program in 1911.<ref name="SU1906" /> In 1919, Syracuse added its business school which contains multiple MBA programs.<ref name="whitman1" /> SU's school of journalism, now the [[S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications]], was established at Syracuse in 1934.<ref name="SU1931" />

The growth of Syracuse University from a small liberal arts college into a major comprehensive university was due to the efforts of two men, Chancellor [[James Roscoe Day]] and [[John Dustin Archbold]]. James Roscoe Day was serving the Calvary Church in New York City, where he befriended Archbold. Together, the two dynamic figures would oversee the first of two great periods of campus renewal in Syracuse's history.{{sfn|Greene|2000}}

John Dustin Archbold was a capitalist, philanthropist, and President of the Board of Trustees at Syracuse University. He was known as John D. Rockefeller's right-hand man and successor at the [[Standard Oil]] Company. He was a close friend of Syracuse University Chancellor James R. Day and gave almost $6&nbsp;million to the University over his lifetime.{{sfn|Greene|2000}} Said a journalist in 1917:
<blockquote>Mr. Archbold's ... is the president of the board of trustees of Syracuse University, an institution which has prospered so remarkably since his connection with it that its student roll has increased from hundreds to over 4,000, including 1,500 young women, placing it in the ranks of the foremost institutions of learning in the United States.<ref name="Men who are making America" /></blockquote>

[[File:Syracuse-university bowne-hall.jpg|thumb|From left to right: Bowne Hall,<ref name="bowne_hall" /> Carnegie Library,<ref name="carnegie_library" /> Archbold Gymnasium<ref name="Archbold_Gym" />]]

In 1905, James D. Phelps secured a donation of $150,000 from [[Andrew Carnegie]] for a new university library provided the University raised an equal sum as an endowment for the library. The University raised the required endowment in a little over a month, with the largest share being contributed by Archbold.<ref name="Carnegie donation 1905"/> On September 11, 1907, the transfer of the [[Leopold von Ranke|Von Ranke]] collection from the old library building marking the opening of the new [[Carnegie library]] with a collection of over 71,000 volumes.<ref name="carnegie_library" />

In addition to keeping the University financially solvent during its early years, Archbold also contributed funds for eight buildings, including the full cost of [[Archbold Stadium]] (opened 1907, demolished 1978),<ref name="archbold_Consolidated"/> Sims Hall<ref name="sims_hall" /> (men's dormitory, 1907), the [[Archbold Gymnasium]] (1909, nearly destroyed by fire in 1947, but still in use), and the oval athletic field.