Editing Syngman Rhee (section)

=== Independence activities ===
Rhee became involved in [[Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea|anti-Japanese]] circles after the end of the [[First Sino-Japanese War]] in 1895, which saw Joseon passed from the [[Qing dynasty|Chinese]] [[sphere of influence]] to the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]]. Rhee was implicated in a plot to take revenge for the [[assassination of Empress Myeongseong]], the wife of [[Gojong of the Korean Empire|King Gojong]] who was assassinated by Japanese agents (known in Korean history as the {{ill|Chunsaengmun incident|ko|춘생문 사건}}); however, a female American physician Georgiana E. Whiting helped him avoid the charges by disguising him as her patient and go to his sister's house. Rhee acted as one of the forerunners of the [[Korean independence movement]] through grassroots organizations such as the Hyeopseong Club and the [[Independence Club]]. Rhee organized several protests against corruption and the influences of the Japan and the [[Russian Empire]].<ref name="Korea Times" /> As a result, in November 1898, Rhee attained the rank of ''Uigwan'' ({{Korean|labels=no |hangul=의관 |hanja=議官}}) in the Imperial Legislature, the Jungchuwon ({{Korean|labels=no |hangul=중추원 |hanja=中樞院}}).<ref name="EncyKorea" />

After entering civil service, Rhee was implicated in a plot to remove King Gojong from power through the recruitment of [[Pak Yŏnghyo]]. As a result, Rhee was imprisoned in the Gyeongmucheong Prison ({{Korean|labels=no |hangul=경무청 |hanja=警務廳}}) in January 1899.<ref name="EncyKorea"/> Other sources place the year arrested as 1897 and 1898.<ref name="Doopedia" /><ref name="CNNfyi" /><ref name="Cold War Files" /><ref name="Korea Times" /> Rhee attempted to escape on the 20th day of imprisonment but was caught and was sentenced to life imprisonment through the Pyeongniwon ({{Korean|labels=no |hangul=평리원 |hanja=平理院}}). He was imprisoned in the Hanseong Prison ({{Korean|labels=no |hangul=한성감옥서 |hanja=漢城監獄署}}). In prison, Rhee translated and compiled ''The Sino–Japanese War Record'' ({{Korean|labels=no |hangul=청일전기 |hanja=淸日戰紀}}), wrote ''The Spirit of Independence'' ({{Korean|labels=no |hangul=독립정신 |hanja=獨立精神}}), compiled the ''New English–Korean Dictionary'' ({{Korean|labels=no |hangul=신영한사전 |hanja=新英韓辭典}}) and wrote in the ''Imperial Newspaper'' ({{Korean|labels=no |hangul=제국신문 |hanja=帝國新聞}}).<ref name="EncyKorea" /> He was also [[torture]]d.<ref name="Korea Times" />  Examples of this included Japanese officers lighting oil paper which were pushed up his fingernails, and then smashing them one-by-one.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jDbXpiJMFdIC&pg=PT326 |title=This Kind of War (Pages 167-168)   |author=[[T. R. Fehrenbach]]|date=2000 |publisher=Potomac Books |isbn=978-1-59797-878-1 }}</ref>