Editing Subculture (section)

===Subcultures and deviance===
The earliest sociological studies on subcultures came from the so-called [[Chicago school (sociology)|Chicago School]], who interpreted them as forms of deviance and delinquency. Starting with what they called [[Social Disorganization Theory]], they claimed that subcultures emerged on one hand because of some population sectors' lack of socialization with the [[mainstream culture]] and, on the other, because of their adoption of alternative [[Axiology|axiological]] and normative models. As [[Robert E. Park]], [[Ernest Burgess]], and [[Louis Wirth]] suggested, by means of selection and segregation processes, there thus appear in society "natural areas" or "moral regions" where deviant models concentrate and are re-inforced; they do not accept objectives or means of action offered by the mainstream culture, proposing different ones in their place—thereby becoming, depending on circumstances, innovators, rebels, or retreatists ([[Richard Cloward]] and [[Lloyd Ohlin]]).

Subcultures, however, are not only the result of alternative action strategies but also of labelling processes on the basis of which, as [[Howard S. Becker]] explains, society defines them as outsiders. As Cohen clarifies, every subculture's style, consisting of image, demeanour and language becomes its recognition trait. And an individual's progressive adoption of a subcultural model will furnish him/her with growing status within this context but it will often, in tandem, deprive him/her of status in the broader social context outside where a different model prevails.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jtpcrim.org/January-2015/Rethinking-subculture.pdf|title=Rethinking Subcultures and Subculture Theory in the Study of Youth Crime _ A theoretical Discourse|last=Nwalozie|first=Chijioke J.|date=2015|access-date=2017-06-14|archive-date=2018-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223012009/http://www.jtpcrim.org/January-2015/Rethinking-subculture.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Cohen used the term 'Corner Boys' which were unable to compete with their better secured and prepared peers. These [[Lower social class|lower-class]] youths didn't have equal access to resources, resulting in the status of [[frustration]], [[Social exclusion|marginalization]], and search for a solution.<ref>Newburn, T. & Proquest, 2017. Criminology Third., Ann Arbor, Mich.]: ProQuest. pp. 210</ref>