Editing Stress (linguistics) (section)

===Non-phonemic stress===
In some languages, the placement of stress can be determined by rules. It is thus not a [[Phoneme|phonemic property]] of the word, because it can always be predicted by applying the rules.

Languages in which the position of the stress can usually be predicted by a simple rule are said to have ''fixed stress''. For example, in [[Czech language|Czech]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] and [[Latvian language|Latvian]], the stress almost always comes on the first syllable of a word. In [[Armenian Language|Armenian]] the stress is on the last syllable of a word.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mirakyan |first=Norayr |date=2016 |title=The Implications of Prosodic Differences Between English and Armenian |url=http://www.ysu.am/files/SSS_BookCollect_3_2016,%20pp.%2091-96.pdf |journal=Collection of Scientific Articles of YSU SSS |publisher=YSU Press |volume=1.3 |issue=13 |pages= 91–96 }}</ref> In [[Quechua language|Quechua]], [[Esperanto]], and [[Polish language|Polish]], the stress is almost always on the [[penult]] (second-last syllable). In [[stress in Macedonian language|Macedonian]], it is on the [[antepenult]] (third-last syllable).

Other languages have stress placed on different syllables but in a predictable way, as in [[Classical Arabic]] and [[Latin]], where stress is conditioned by the [[syllable weight|weight]] of particular syllables. They are said to have a regular stress rule.

Statements about the position of stress are sometimes affected by the fact that when a word is spoken in isolation, prosodic factors (see below) come into play, which do not apply when the word is spoken normally within a sentence. [[French phonology|French]] words are sometimes said to be stressed on the final syllable, but that can be attributed to the [[#Prosodic stress|prosodic stress]], which is placed on the last syllable (unless it is a [[schwa]] in which case the stress is placed on the second-last syllable) of any string of words in that language. Thus, it is on the last syllable of a word analyzed in isolation. The situation is [[stress in Standard Chinese|similar in Mandarin Chinese]]. French and [[Georgian phonology|Georgian]] (and, according to some authors, Mandarin Chinese)<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Phonology of Standard Chinese |first=San |last=Duanmu |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2000 |pages=134}}</ref> can be considered to have no real lexical stress.