Editing Strasbourg (section)

==Geography==

===Location===
[[File:Strasbourg SPOT 1163.jpg|thumb|right|Strasbourg seen from Spot Satellite]]
Strasbourg is situated at the eastern border of France with Germany. This border is formed by the [[Rhine]], which also forms the eastern border of the modern city, facing across the river to the German town [[Kehl]]. The historic core of Strasbourg, however, lies on the [[Grande Île (Strasbourg)|Grande Île]] in the river [[Ill (France)|Ill]], which here flows parallel to, and roughly {{convert|4|km|mi}} from, the Rhine. The natural courses of the two rivers eventually join some distance downstream of Strasbourg, although several artificial waterways now connect them within the city.

The city lies in the [[Upper Rhine Plain]], at between {{convert|132|and|151|m|ft}} above sea level, with the upland areas of the [[Vosges Mountains]] some {{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}} to the west and the [[Black Forest]] {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} to the east. This section of the Rhine valley is a major axis of north–south travel, with river traffic on the Rhine itself, and major roads and railways paralleling it on both banks.

The city is some {{convert|397|km|}} east of [[Paris]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://frdistance.com/route/paris/strasbourg|title=Distance entre Paris et Strasbourg en voiture|website=frdistance.com|language=fr|access-date=2018-12-18|archive-date=18 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218193503/https://frdistance.com/route/paris/strasbourg|url-status=live}}</ref> The mouth of the Rhine lies approximately {{convert|450|km}} to the north, or {{convert|650|km}} as the river flows, whilst the head of navigation in [[Basel]] is some {{convert|100|km}} to the south, or {{convert|150|km}} by river.

===Climate===
In spite of its position far inland, Strasbourg has an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfb''),<ref>{{cite web|title=Strasbourg Climate Strasbourg Temperatures Strasbourg Weather Averages|url=http://www.strasbourg.climatemps.com/|access-date=29 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624202042/http://www.strasbourg.climatemps.com/|archive-date=24 June 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Temperature, Climate graph, Climate table for Strasbourg |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/350/ |website=Climate-Data |access-date=29 September 2017}}</ref> though with less maritime influence than the milder climates of Western and [[Southern France]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.assistancescolaire.com/enseignant/elementaire/ressources/base-documentaire-en-geographie/les-climats-en-france-france_climates |title=Les climats en France - Ressources pour les enseignants - Ressources élémentaire |website=www.assistancescolaire.com |language=fr |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref> The city has warm, relatively sunny summers and cool, [[overcast]] winters.

The third highest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|38.5|°C|1|abbr=on}} in August 2003, during the [[2003 European heat wave]]. This record was broken, on 30 June 2019, when it reached {{convert|38.8|°C|1|abbr=on}} <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteofrance.fr/actualites/73942103-canicule-de-juin-2019-retour-sur-un-episode-exceptionnel |title=Canicule de juin 2019 : retour sur un épisode exceptionnel |website=www.meteofrance.fr |publisher=Meteo-France |access-date=2019-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703081246/http://www.meteofrance.fr/actualites/73942103-canicule-de-juin-2019-retour-sur-un-episode-exceptionnel |archive-date=3 July 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and then on 25 July 2019, when it reached {{convert|38.9|°C|1|abbr=on}}. The lowest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|-23.4|°C|1|abbr=on}} in December 1938.<ref>{{cite news |title=Record de froid: -18 degrés à Strasbourg cette nuit |url=https://www.dna.fr/actualite/2010/12/25/record-de-froid-18-degres-a-strasbourg-cette-nuit |access-date=13 January 2021 |work=Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace |date=25 December 2010}}</ref>

Strasbourg's location in the Rhine valley, sheltered from strong winds by the Vosges and Black Forest mountains, results in poor natural ventilation, making Strasbourg one of the most atmospherically polluted cities of France.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atmo-alsace.net/ |title=Daily measurements for Strasbourg and Alsace |publisher=Atmo-alsace.net |access-date=15 April 2010 |archive-date=16 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216084708/http://www.atmo-alsace.net/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://ruedemetzeral.cigogne.org/index.php/2005/10/20/3761-pollution-a-strasbourg Measurements] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009161440/http://ruedemetzeral.cigogne.org/index.php/2005/10/20/3761-pollution-a-strasbourg |date=9 October 2007}} made on 18 and 19 October 2005</ref> Nonetheless, the progressive disappearance of [[heavy industry]] on both banks of the Rhine, as well as effective measures of traffic regulation in and around the city have reduced air pollution in recent years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.epe.be/workbooks/tcui/example3.html |title=Outlines of the urban transportation policy led by the urban community of Strasbourg |publisher=Epe.be |date=29 March 2010 |access-date=15 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211090805/http://www.epe.be/workbooks/tcui/example3.html |archive-date=11 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Strasbourg-[[Entzheim]] ([[Strasbourg Airport|SXB]]), elevation: {{convert|150|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1924–present
|collapsed =
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 17.6
|Feb record high C = 21.1
|Mar record high C = 26.3
|Apr record high C = 30.0
|May record high C = 34.6
|Jun record high C = 38.8
|Jul record high C = 38.9
|Aug record high C = 38.7
|Sep record high C = 33.4
|Oct record high C = 29.1
|Nov record high C = 22.1
|Dec record high C = 18.3
|year record high C = 38.9
|Jan avg record high C = 13.4
|Feb avg record high C = 15.7
|Mar avg record high C = 20.5
|Apr avg record high C = 25.7
|May avg record high C = 29.3
|Jun avg record high C = 32.8
|Jul avg record high C = 33.9
|Aug avg record high C = 33.4
|Sep avg record high C = 28.3
|Oct avg record high C = 23.8
|Nov avg record high C = 17.4
|Dec avg record high C = 13.7
|year avg record high C = 35.0
|Jan high C = 5.2
|Feb high C = 7.3
|Mar high C = 12.1
|Apr high C = 17.0
|May high C = 20.9
|Jun high C = 24.4
|Jul high C = 26.4
|Aug high C = 26.1
|Sep high C = 21.6
|Oct high C = 15.8
|Nov high C = 9.4
|Dec high C = 5.9
|year high C = 16.0
|Jan mean C = 2.5
|Feb mean C = 3.6
|Mar mean C = 7.4
|Apr mean C = 11.3
|May mean C = 15.5
|Jun mean C = 18.9
|Jul mean C = 20.6
|Aug mean C = 20.3
|Sep mean C = 16.1
|Oct mean C = 11.5
|Nov mean C = 6.3
|Dec mean C = 3.3
|year mean C = 11.4
|Jan low C = -0.2
|Feb low C = 0.0
|Mar low C = 2.6
|Apr low C = 5.7
|May low C = 10.1
|Jun low C = 13.4
|Jul low C = 14.9
|Aug low C = 14.5
|Sep low C = 10.7
|Oct low C = 7.2
|Nov low C = 3.3
|Dec low C = 0.8
|year low C = 6.9
|Jan avg record low C = -8.9
|Feb avg record low C = -6.7
|Mar avg record low C = -3.8
|Apr avg record low C = -1.1
|May avg record low C = 3.7
|Jun avg record low C = 7.6
|Jul avg record low C = 9.7
|Aug avg record low C = 8.7
|Sep avg record low C = 4.7
|Oct avg record low C = 0.0
|Nov avg record low C = -3.3
|Dec avg record low C = -7.6
|year avg record low C = -11.3
|Jan record low C = -23.6
|Feb record low C = -22.3
|Mar record low C = -16.7
|Apr record low C = -5.6
|May record low C = -2.4
|Jun record low C = 1.1
|Jul record low C = 4.9
|Aug record low C = 4.8
|Sep record low C = -1.3
|Oct record low C = -7.6
|Nov record low C = -10.8
|Dec record low C = -23.4
|year record low C = -23.6
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 35.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 34.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 38.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 41.8
|May precipitation mm = 77.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 68.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 71.9
|Aug precipitation mm = 61.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 54.6
|Oct precipitation mm = 59.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 47.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 45.2
|year precipitation mm = 635.7
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 9.1
|Feb precipitation days = 8.3
|Mar precipitation days = 8.5
|Apr precipitation days = 8.6
|May precipitation days = 10.8
|Jun precipitation days = 10.2
|Jul precipitation days = 10.4
|Aug precipitation days = 9.5
|Sep precipitation days = 8.0
|Oct precipitation days = 9.6
|Nov precipitation days = 9.2
|Dec precipitation days = 10.2
|year precipitation days = 112.3
|Jan snow days = 7.0
|Feb snow days = 6.7
|Mar snow days = 3.3
|Apr snow days = 0.7
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.1
|Nov snow days = 2.2
|Dec snow days = 6.0
|year snow days = 25.9
|Jan humidity = 86
|Feb humidity = 82
|Mar humidity = 76
|Apr humidity = 72
|May humidity = 73
|Jun humidity = 74
|Jul humidity = 72
|Aug humidity = 76
|Sep humidity = 80
|Oct humidity = 85
|Nov humidity = 86
|Dec humidity = 86
|Jan sun = 55.5
|Feb sun = 85.8
|Mar sun = 146.4
|Apr sun = 186.9
|May sun = 209.1
|Jun sun = 226.4
|Jul sun = 239.7
|Aug sun = 224.2
|Sep sun = 173.5
|Oct sun = 100.4
|Nov sun = 55.2
|Dec sun = 44.2
|year sun = 1747.3
|source 1 = [[Meteo France]] (snow days 1981–2010)<ref>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220309232908/https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_67124001.pdf
| archive-date = 9 March 2022
| url = https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_67124001.pdf
| title = STRASBOURG–ENTZHEIM (67)
| work = Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1991–2020 et records
| publisher = Meteo France
| language = fr
| access-date = 14 July 2022}}</ref>
| source 2 = Infoclimat.fr (relative humidity 1961–1990)<ref name=Infoclimat>{{cite web
| url = http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07190-strasbourg-entzheim.html
| title = Normes et records 1961–1990: Strasbourg-Entzheim (67) – altitude 150m
| language = fr
| publisher = Infoclimat
| access-date = 7 August 2019
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160315040604/http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07190-strasbourg-entzheim.html
| archive-date = 15 March 2016}}</ref>
}}