Editing Steve Wozniak (section)

===Pre-Apple===
{{See also|History of Apple#1971–1985: Jobs and Wozniak}}
In 1969, Wozniak returned to the [[San Francisco Bay Area]] after being expelled from the [[University of Colorado Boulder]] in his first year for hacking the university's computer system.<ref name=CUIndependent /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.colorado.edu/chancellor/2016/02/24/chancellor |title=From the Chancellor - Office of the Chancellor |date=February 24, 2016 |publisher=[[University of Colorado Boulder]] |access-date=February 27, 2017 |archive-date=March 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312051811/http://www.colorado.edu/chancellor/2016/02/24/chancellor |url-status=live }}</ref> He re-enrolled at [[De Anza College]] in Cupertino before transferring to the [[University of California, Berkeley]], in 1971.<ref name="Apple Confidential" />{{rp|page=1}} In June of that year, for a self-taught engineering project, Wozniak designed and built his first computer with his friend [[Bill Fernandez]].<ref name="Apple Confidential" />{{rp|page=1}} 

Predating useful microprocessors, screens, and keyboards, and using [[punch card]]s and only 20 [[Transistor–transistor logic|TTL]] chips donated by an acquaintance, they named it "Cream Soda" after their [[cream soda|favorite beverage]]. A newspaper reporter stepped on the power supply cable and blew up the computer, but it served Wozniak as "a good prelude to my thinking 5 years later with the Apple I and Apple II computers".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://emberify.com/blog/cream-soda-the-first-computer/|title=Cream soda – The first computer|date=October 1, 2014|work=emberify.com|access-date=February 27, 2017|archive-date=February 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228083237/http://emberify.com/blog/cream-soda-the-first-computer/|url-status=live}}</ref> Before focusing his attention on Apple, he was employed at [[Hewlett-Packard]] (HP), where he designed calculators.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMRmG72LBU8 | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211028/UMRmG72LBU8| archive-date=October 28, 2021|title=Steve Wozniak Talks About HP |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=November 22, 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> It was during this time that he dropped out of Berkeley and befriended [[Steve Jobs]].<ref name=Jobs&Woz>{{cite web |url=http://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/steve-jobs-steve-wozniak |title=Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak |website=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] |publisher=[[Lemelson Foundation]] |access-date=November 22, 2017 |archive-date=September 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903231200/http://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/steve-jobs-steve-wozniak |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=" ABCnews" />

Wozniak was introduced to Jobs by Fernandez, who attended [[Homestead High School (Cupertino, California)|Homestead High School]] with Jobs in 1971. Jobs and Wozniak became friends when Jobs worked for the summer at HP, where Wozniak, too, was employed, working on a [[mainframe computer]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Young|first=Jefferey S.|title=Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward.|date=December 1988|publisher=Lynx Books|isbn=155802378X}}</ref>
{{blockquote|We first met in 1971 during my college years, while he was in high school. A friend said, 'you should meet Steve Jobs because he likes electronics, and he also plays pranks.' So he introduced us.|source=Steve Wozniak<ref name=ABCnews>{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/PCWorld/story?id=3396207 |title=Three Minutes With Steve Wozniak |publisher=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |date=July 20, 2007 |access-date=November 10, 2013 |archive-date=November 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110220223/http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/PCWorld/story?id=3396207 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}

[[file:Blue Box in museum.jpg|thumb|Steve Wozniak's [[blue box]] at the [[Computer History Museum]]]]
Their first business partnership began later that year when Wozniak read an article titled "Secrets of the Little Blue Box" from the October 1971 issue of ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'', and started to build his own "[[blue box]]es" that enabled one to make long-distance [[Phreaking|phone calls at no cost]].<ref>{{Cite book |first=Walter |last=Isaacson |year=2011 |title=Steve Jobs |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=9781451648546 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/stevejobs00isaa }} pp. 27–29</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a38878/steve-jobs-steve-wozniak-blue-box-phone-phreaking/ |title=How Blue Box Phone Phreaking Put Steve Jobs and Woz on the Road to Apple |work=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |date=October 15, 2015 |access-date=November 26, 2019 |archive-date=December 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216111546/http://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a38878/steve-jobs-steve-wozniak-blue-box-phone-phreaking/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Jobs, who handled the sales of the blue boxes, managed to sell some two hundred of them for $150 each, and split the profit with Wozniak.{{sfn|Linzmayer|2004|pages=1–2}}{{sfn|O'Grady|2009|pages=1–2}} Jobs later told his biographer that if it had not been for Wozniak's blue boxes, "there wouldn't have been an Apple."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Isaacson |first=Walter |title=Steve Jobs |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2015 |isbn=9781501127625|p=30}}</ref>

In 1973, Jobs was working for [[arcade game]] company [[Atari, Inc.]] in [[Los Gatos, California]].<ref name="intoday1">{{cite magazine|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-visit-gave-a-vision-to-steve-jobs/1/154785.html |title=An exclusive interview with Daniel Kottke|magazine=[[India Today]]|date=September 13, 2011 |access-date=October 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073007/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-visit-gave-a-vision-to-steve-jobs/1/154785.html |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref> He was assigned to create a [[Printed circuit board|circuit board]] for the arcade video game ''[[Breakout (video game)|Breakout]]''. According to Atari co-founder [[Nolan Bushnell]], Atari offered $100 ({{Inflation|US|100|1973|fmt=eq}}) for each chip that was eliminated in the machine. Jobs had little knowledge of circuit board design and made a deal with Wozniak to split the fee evenly between them if Wozniak could minimize the number of chips. Wozniak reduced the number of chips by 50, by using [[Random-access memory|RAM]] for the brick representation. The fact that this prototype had no scoring or coin mechanisms meant Woz's prototype could not be used. Jobs was paid the full bonus regardless. Jobs told Wozniak that Atari gave them only $700 and that Wozniak's share was thus $350 ({{Inflation|US|350|1973|fmt=eq|r=-2}}).<ref name="breakout">{{cite web |url=http://www.woz.org/letters/general/91.html |title=Letters&nbsp;– General Questions Answered |access-date=June 20, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612071502/http://www.woz.org/letters/general/91.html |archive-date=June 12, 2011 }}, Woz.org<br />[[Steven L. Kent|Kent, Steven]]: "[[The Ultimate History of Video Games]]", pp. 71–73. Three Rivers, 2001. {{ISBN|0-7615-3643-4}}<br />{{cite web|url=http://www.arcade-history.com/index.php?page=detail&id=3397|title=Breakout|publisher=Arcade History|date=June 25, 2002|access-date=April 19, 2010|archive-date=January 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105140543/http://www.arcade-history.com/index.php?page=detail&id=3397|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite web|url=http://classicgaming.gamespy.com/View.php?view=Articles.Detail&id=395|title=Classic Gaming: A Complete History of Breakout|publisher=GameSpy|access-date=April 19, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813113450/http://classicgaming.gamespy.com/View.php?view=Articles.Detail&id=395|archive-date=August 13, 2013}}</ref><ref name="iWoz" />{{rp|pages=147–148, 180}} Wozniak did not learn about the actual $5,000 bonus ({{Inflation|US|5000|1973|fmt=eq|r=-2}}) until ten years later. While dismayed, he said that if Jobs had told him about it and had said he needed the money, Wozniak would have given it to him.<ref name=Isaacson>{{cite book|last=Isaacson|first=Walter|author-link=Walter Isaacson|title=Steve Jobs |year=2011 |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-1-4516-4853-9 |title-link=Steve Jobs (book)}}</ref>{{rp|pages=104–107}}

In 1975, Wozniak began designing and developing the computer that would eventually make him famous, the [[Apple I]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Steidler-Dennison|first=Tony|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2buADxl3M9sC&q=wozniak+designed+apple+1+1975&pg=PA6|title=Mac for Linux Geeks|date=March 24, 2009|publisher=Apress|isbn=978-1-4302-1651-3|language=en|access-date=November 21, 2020|archive-date=March 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301054845/https://books.google.com/books?id=2buADxl3M9sC&q=wozniak+designed+apple+1+1975&pg=PA6|url-status=live}}</ref> With the Apple I, Wozniak was largely working to impress other members of the [[Palo Alto, California|Palo Alto]]–based [[Homebrew Computer Club]],<ref name="becomingsj"/>{{rp|pages=35–38}} a local group of electronics hobbyists interested in computing. The club was one of several key centers which established the home hobbyist era, essentially creating the microcomputer industry over the next few decades. Unlike other custom Homebrew designs, the Apple had an easy-to-achieve video capability that drew a crowd when it was unveiled.<ref name="FireValley" />