Editing Steam engine (section)

=== Pumping engines ===
The first commercial steam-powered device was a water pump, developed in 1698 by [[Thomas Savery]].<ref name=Lira>{{cite web|last=Lira|first=Carl T.|title=The Savery Pump |work=Introductory Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics |publisher=Michigan State University|url=http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/savery.htm |access-date=11 April 2014|date=21 May 2013}}</ref> It used condensing steam to create a vacuum which raised water from below and then used steam pressure to raise it higher. Small engines were effective though larger models were problematic. They had a very limited lift height and were prone to [[boiler explosion]]s. Savery's engine was used in mines, [[pumping station]]s and supplying water to [[water wheel]]s powering textile machinery.<ref name=Hills16-20>{{Harvnb|Hills|1989|pp=16–20}}</ref> One advantage of Savery's engine was its low cost.{{sfn|Landes|1969|loc=p. 62, Note 2}}  [[Bento de Moura Portugal]] introduced an improvement of Savery's construction "to render it capable of working itself", as described by [[John Smeaton]] in the Philosophical Transactions published in 1751.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1098/rstl.1751.0073|title=LXXII. An engine for raising water by fire; being on improvement of saver'y construction, to render it capable of working itself, invented by Mr. De Moura of Portugal, F. R. S. Described by Mr. J. Smeaton|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London|volume=47|pages=436–438|year=1752|s2cid=186208904}}</ref> It continued to be manufactured until the late 18th century.{{sfn|Landes|1969|p=}} At least one engine was still known to be operating in 1820.<ref>{{cite book
|title=Links in the History of Engineering and Technology from Tudor Times
|last=Jenkins
|first= Ryhs
|year=1971 |orig-year=First published 1936 |publisher =The Newcomen Society at the Cambridge University Press
|location= Cambridge 
|isbn= 978-0-8369-2167-0
}}. Collected Papers of Rhys Jenkins, Former Senior Examiner in the British Patent Office.</ref>