Editing Spinning (textiles) (section)

==Methods==
[[File:Ring spinning machine in the 1920s.jpg|thumb|Ring spinning]]
{{Main|Cotton-spinning machinery}}
[[Ring spinning]] is one of the most common spinning methods in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ring spinning frame |url=https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co8404617/ring-spinning-frame-ring-frame |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=Science Museum Group Collection |language=en}}</ref> Other systems include air-jet and [[open-end spinning]], a technique where the [[Staple (textiles)|staple fiber]] is blown by air into a rotor and attaches to the tail of formed yarn that is continually being drawn out of the chamber. Other methods of break spinning use needles and [[electrostatic]] forces.<ref>{{Harvnb|Collier |1970|p=80}}</ref>

The processes to make short-staple yarn (typically spun from fibers from {{convert|0.75| to |2.0|in|cm|order=flip}}) are blending, opening, [[carding]], pin-drafting, [[roving]], spinning, and—if desired—plying and [[dyeing]]. In long staple spinning, the process may start with stretch-break of tow, a continuous "rope" of synthetic fiber.  In open-end and air-jet spinning, the roving operation is eliminated. The spinning frame winds yarn around a bobbin.<ref>{{Harvnb|Collier |1970|pp=71}}</ref> Generally, after this step the yarn is wound to a cone for knitting or weaving.

[[File:Catalonia Terrassa mNATEC Selfactina.jpg|thumb|Mule spinning]]
In a [[spinning mule]], the roving is pulled off bobbins and sequentially fed through rollers operating at several different speeds, thinning the roving at a consistent rate. The yarn is twisted through the spinning of the bobbin as the carriage moves out, and is rolled onto a cop as the carriage returns. Mule spinning produces a finer thread than ring spinning.<ref name="RingMule">{{Citation|url=http://www.textile-technology.com/SST_Seminars/Jeremy.pdf |work=SST Seminars |title= Technological Evolution in Cotton Spinning, 1878–1933 |last=Saxonhouse |first=Gary |publisher= Stanford University |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110716213233/http://www.textile-technology.com/SST_Seminars/Jeremy.pdf |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> Spinning by the mule machine is an intermittent process as the frame advances and returns. It is the descendant of a device invented in 1779 by [[Samuel Crompton]], and produces a softer, less twisted thread that is favored for fines and for [[Warp and woof|weft]].

The ring was a descendant of the Arkwright [[water frame]] of 1769 and creates yarn in a continuous process. The yarn is coarser, has a greater twist, and is stronger, making it more suitable for [[Warp and woof|warp]]. Ring spinning is slow due to the distance the thread must pass around the ring. Similar methods have improved on this including flyer and bobbin and cap spinning.

The pre-industrial techniques of [[hand spinning]] with a spindle or [[spinning wheel]] continue to be practiced as handicraft or hobby and enable wool or unusual vegetable and animal staples to be used.

<!-- Not sure why these are here, or why other terms aren't included.
*'''Checking'''
:: This is the process where each of the bobbins is rewound to give a tighter bobbin.
*'''Folding and twisting'''
::'''Plying''' is done by pulling yarn from two or more bobbins and twisting it together, in the opposite direction from that in which it was spun. Depending on the weight desired, the yarn may or may not be plied, and the number of strands twisted together varies.<ref name="Spinning">{{Citation|url=http://www.spinningtheweb.org.uk/m_display.php?irn=66&sub=machproc&theme=industry&crumb=Spinning |title=Spinning|work=Spinning the Web|publisher=Manchester City Council: Libraries|access-date=January 29, 2009}}</ref>
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