Editing Soul music (section)

=== 1960s ===
[[File:Solomon Burke.jpg|thumb|[[Solomon Burke]] recorded for [[Atlantic Records]] in the 1960s.]]
Husband-wife duo [[Ike & Tina Turner]] emerged as "leading exponents" of soul music in the 1960s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=February 25, 1961 |title=Album Reviews - Popular Picks of the Week |url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Cash-Box/60s/1961/CB-1961-02-25.pdf |journal=Cash Box}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Peacock |first=Tom |date=1963-02-25 |title=Ike and Tina to Give with 'Soul Music' |pages=2 |work=The Province |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-ike-and-tina-turner-at-blue/129810034/ |access-date=2023-10-22}}</ref> Their debut single "[[A Fool in Love]]" crossed over to the pop charts in 1960. They earned a [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]] nomination for their song "[[It's Gonna Work Out Fine]]" in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ike & Tina Turner {{!}} Artist {{!}} GRAMMY.com |url=https://www.grammy.com/artists/ike-tina-turner/13017 |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=www.grammy.com}}</ref> Along with the [[Kings of Rhythm]] and [[the Ikettes]], they toured the [[Chitlin' Circuit|Chitlin’ Circuit]] as the Ike & Tina Turner Revue.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeffries |first=Fran |title=Chitlin' Circuit: Black performers' soulful showcase during segregation |language=English |work=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |url=https://www.ajc.com/news/national/chitlin-circuit-black-performers-soulful-showcase-during-segregation/srbp9fswLEa3tsiOe5Z54M/ |access-date=2023-10-22 |issn=1539-7459}}</ref>

Writer [[Peter Guralnick]] is among those to identify [[Solomon Burke]] as a key figure in the emergence of soul music, and [[Atlantic Records]] as the key [[record label]]. Burke's early 1960s songs, including "[[Cry to Me]]", "[[Just Out of Reach]]" and "Down in the Valley" are considered classics of the genre. Guralnick wrote: <blockquote>Soul started, in a sense, with the 1961 success of Solomon Burke's "Just Out of Reach". Ray Charles, of course, had already enjoyed enormous success (also on Atlantic), as had James Brown and Sam Cooke — primarily in a pop vein.  Each of these singers, though, could be looked upon as an isolated phenomenon; it was only with the coming together of Burke and Atlantic Records that you could begin to see anything even resembling a movement.<ref name="Guralnick (soul)">Peter Guralnick, ''Soul'', in Jim Miller (ed.), ''The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll'', 1976, pp. 206.</ref></blockquote>

[[File:Aretha Franklin on January 20, 2009.jpg|thumb|[[Aretha Franklin]] is widely known as the "[[Honorific nicknames in popular music|Queen of Soul]]".]]
[[Ben E. King]] also achieved success in 1961 with "[[Stand by Me (Ben E. King song)|Stand By Me]]", a song directly based on a gospel hymn.<ref name="bbc" /> By the mid-1960s, the initial successes of Burke, King, and others had been surpassed by new soul singers, including [[Stax Records|Stax]] artists such as [[Otis Redding]] and [[Wilson Pickett]], who mainly recorded in [[Memphis, Tennessee]], and [[Muscle Shoals, Alabama]].  According to [[Jon Landau]]:<blockquote>Between 1962 and 1964 Redding recorded a series of soul ballads characterized by unabashedly sentimental lyrics usually begging forgiveness or asking a girlfriend to come home... He soon became known as "Mr. Pitiful" and earned a reputation as the leading performer of soul ballads.<ref>Jon Landau, ''Otis Redding'', in Jim Miller (ed.), ''The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll'', 1976, pp. 210–213.</ref></blockquote>

The most important female soul singer to emerge was [[Aretha Franklin]], originally a gospel singer who began to make secular recordings in 1960 but whose career was later revitalized by her recordings for Atlantic.  Her 1967 recordings, such as "[[I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)]]", "[[Respect (song)|Respect]]" (written and originally recorded by Otis Redding), and "[[Do Right Woman, Do Right Man]]" (written by [[Chips Moman]] and [[Dan Penn]]), were significant and commercially successful recordings.<ref name="pc52"/><ref>{{Cite book |title=Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942–2004 |last=Whitburn |first=Joel |publisher=Record Research |year=2004 |page=215 |author-link=Joel Whitburn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=I Never Loved a Man the Way I Loved You: Aretha Franklin, Respect, and the Making of a Soul Music Masterpiece |last=Dobkin |first=Matt |publisher=St. Martin's Press |year=2004 |isbn=0-312-31828-6 |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ineverlovedmanwa0000dobk/page/7 7–8, 187–188] |url=https://archive.org/details/ineverlovedmanwa0000dobk/page/7 }}</ref>{{sfn|Rolling Stone 2010, 500 Songs, p. 112}}

Soul music dominated the U.S. African-American music charts in the 1960s, and many recordings crossed over into the pop charts in the U.S.  Otis Redding was a huge success at the [[Monterey Pop Festival]] in 1967.<ref name="bbc" /> The genre also became highly popular in the UK, where many leading acts toured in the late 1960s. "Soul" became an umbrella term for an increasingly wide variety of R&B-based music styles – from the dance and pop-oriented acts at [[Motown Records]] in [[Detroit]], such as [[the Temptations]], [[Marvin Gaye]] and [[Stevie Wonder]], to "[[deep soul]]" performers such as [[Percy Sledge]] and [[James Carr (singer)|James Carr]].<ref name="Motown Museum">{{Cite web |url=https://www.motownmuseum.org/story/motown/ |title=Motown: The Sound that Changed America |website=Motown Museum |access-date=October 27, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Erlewine (Sledge)">{{Cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/percy-sledge-mn0000838195/biography |title=Percy Sledge: Artist Biography |last=Erlewine |first=Stephen Thomas |website=AllMusic |access-date=October 27, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Huey (Carr)">{{Cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/james-carr-mn0000107877/biography |title=James Carr: Artist Biography |last=Huey |first=Steve |website=AllMusic |access-date=October 27, 2016}}</ref> Different regions and cities within the U.S., including New York City, Detroit, Chicago, [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], [[New Orleans]], [[Philadelphia]], and Muscle Shoals, Alabama (the home of [[FAME Studios]] and [[Muscle Shoals Sound Studios]]) became noted for different subgenres of the music and recording styles.<ref name=allmusic/><ref name="Brown (Muscle Shoals)">{{Cite web |url=http://s.telegraph.co.uk/graphics/projects/muscle-shoals/index.html |title=Deep Soul |last=Brown |first=Mick |website=Telegraph |access-date=October 27, 2016}}</ref>

By 1968, while at its peak of popularity, soul began to fragment into different subgenres.  Artists such as James Brown and [[Sly and the Family Stone]] evolved into [[funk]] music, while other singers such as Marvin Gaye, Stevie Wonder, [[Curtis Mayfield]] and [[Al Green]] developed slicker, more sophisticated and in some cases more politically conscious varieties of the genre.<ref name="bbc" /> However, soul music continued to evolve, informing most subsequent forms of R&B from the 1970s-onward, with pockets of musicians continuing to perform in traditional soul style.<ref name=allmusic/>