Editing Soft power (section)

== Measurement ==
An initial undertaking to measure soft power through a composite index was published by the [[Institute for Government]] (IfG) and the media company ''[[Monocle (media company)|Monocle]]'' in 2010.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jonathan |last=McClory |title=The new persuaders: an international ranking of soft power |date=2010-12-07 |publisher=Institute for Government |url=http://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/publications_download.php?id=20 |work=Institute for Government website |page=13 |access-date=2011-05-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724053803/http://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/publications_download.php?id=20 |archive-date=2011-07-24}}</ref> The IfG-Monocle Soft Power Index, created by then IfG senior researcher Jonathan McClory, combined a range of statistical metrics and subjective panel scores to measure the soft power resources of 26 countries. The metrics were organized according to a framework of five sub-indices including culture, diplomacy, education, business/innovation, and government. The index is said to measure the soft power resources of countries, and does not translate directly into ability influence. ''Monocle'' has published an annual ''Soft Power Survey'' since then. As of 2016/17, the list is calculated using around 50 factors that indicate the use of soft power, including the number of cultural missions (primarily language schools), [[Olympic medals]], the quality of a country's [[architecture]] and business brands.<ref name="monocle.com">{{cite web |url=https://monocle.com/film/affairs/soft-power-survey-2018-19/ |title=Soft Power Survey 2018/19 |date=2018 |publisher=Monocle |access-date=2018-12-21 |archive-date=2021-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413144356/https://monocle.com/film/affairs/soft-power-survey-2018-19/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

''The Soft Power 30'', which includes a foreword by Joseph Nye, is a ranking of countries' soft power produced and published by the media company ''Portland'' in 2015. The ranking is based on "the quality of a country's political institutions, the extent of their cultural appeal, the strength of their diplomatic network, the global reputation of their higher education system,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gauttam |first1=Priya |last2=Singh |first2=Bawa |last3=Singh |first3=Sandeep |last4=Bika |first4=Shankar Lal |last5=Tiwari |first5=Raghavendra P. |title=Education as a soft power resource: A systematic review |journal=[[Heliyon]] |date=2024 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=e23736 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23736 |doi-access=free|pmid=38268586 |pmc=10806264 |bibcode=2024Heliy..1023736G }}</ref> the attractiveness of their economic model, and a country's digital engagement with the world."<ref>{{cite web |last1=McClory|first1=Jonathan|title=The Soft Power 30 - A Global Ranking of Soft Power |url=http://softpower30.portland-communications.com/pdfs/the_soft_power_30.pdf |publisher=Portland |access-date=17 July 2015 |date=July 2015 |archive-date=23 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723161800/http://softpower30.portland-communications.com/pdfs/the_soft_power_30.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Softly does it |url=https://www.economist.com/news/britain/21657655-oxbridge-one-direction-and-premier-league-bolster-britains-power-persuade-softly-does-it |access-date=17 July 2015 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date=18 July 2015 |archive-date=17 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717004042/http://www.economist.com/news/britain/21657655-oxbridge-one-direction-and-premier-league-bolster-britains-power-persuade-softly-does-it |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=In 'soft power' terms, Japan ranks eighth out of 30 countries in U.K. consultancy report |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/07/15/national/soft-power-terms-japan-ranks-eighth-30-u-k-consultancy-gauge/#.Value4u-ra4 |access-date=17 July 2015 |work=Japan Times |date=15 July 2015 |archive-date=21 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721192434/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/07/15/national/soft-power-terms-japan-ranks-eighth-30-u-k-consultancy-gauge/#.Value4u-ra4 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The ''Elcano Global Presence Report'' scores the EU first for soft presence.<ref name="ElcanoEU">{{cite web |date=2018 |title=Elcano Global Presence Report 2018 |url=http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/wcm/connect/897b80cc-47fa-4130-9c3d-24e16c7f0a66/Global_Presence_2018.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=897b80cc-47fa-4130-9c3d-24e16c7f0a66|access-date=December 5, 2018 |publisher=[[Elcano Royal Institute|Real Instituto Elcano]] |page=20 |archive-date=January 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106153436/http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/wcm/connect/897b80cc-47fa-4130-9c3d-24e16c7f0a66/Global_Presence_2018.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=897b80cc-47fa-4130-9c3d-24e16c7f0a66 |url-status=live}}</ref> Soft power, then, represents the third behavioral way of getting the outcomes you want. Soft power is contrasted with hard power, which has historically been the predominant realist measure of national power, through [[statistic|quantitative metrics]] such as [[population]] size, concrete [[military]] assets, or a nation's [[gross domestic product]]. But having such resources does not always produce the desired outcomes, as the United States discovered in the Vietnam War.

The success of soft power heavily depends on the actor's [[reputation]] within the [[international community]], as well as the flow of information between actors. Thus, soft power is often associated with the rise of [[globalization]] and [[Neoliberalism (international relations)|neoliberal international relations theory]]. [[Popular culture]] and [[mass media]] are regularly identified as a source of soft power,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.france24.com/en/20110625-economic-warfare-on-the-silver-screen-cinema-cannes-festival-2011-hollywood-france |title=Economic warfare on the silver screen |publisher=[[FRANCE 24]] |date=28 June 2011 |access-date=2012-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119013813/http://www.france24.com/en/20110625-economic-warfare-on-the-silver-screen-cinema-cannes-festival-2011-hollywood-france |archive-date=19 January 2012}}</ref> as is the spread of a national language or a particular set of [[norm (sociology)|normative]] structures. More particularly, [[World news|international news]] was found crucial in shaping the image and reputation of foreign countries. The high prominence of the US in international news, for example, has been linked to its soft power.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Blondheim |first1=Menahem |last2=Segev |first2=Elad |s2cid=146592424 |title=Just Spell US Right: America's News Prominence and Soft Power |journal=Journalism Studies |volume=18 |issue=9 |pages=1128–1147 |date=2015 |doi=10.1080/1461670X.2015.1114899}}</ref> Positive news coverage was associated with positive international views, while negative news coverage with negative views.<ref>{{cite book |last=Segev |first=Elad |title=International News Online: Global Views with Local Perspectives |year=2016 |publisher=Peter Lang |location=New York |isbn=9781433129841 |pages=139–153 |url=http://www.peterlang.com/index.cfm?event=cmp.ccc.seitenstruktur.detailseiten&seitentyp=produkt&pk=85473&concordeid=312985 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611205324/http://www.peterlang.com/index.cfm?event=cmp.ccc.seitenstruktur.detailseiten&seitentyp=produkt&pk=85473&concordeid=312985 |archive-date=2016-06-11}}</ref>

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| style="width:25%; text-align:center;" | '''Brand Finance's<br />Global Soft Power 2025'''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-02-20 |title=Brand Finance Global Soft Power Index 2025: China overtakes UK for the first time, US remains top-ranked nation brand |url=https://brandfinance.com/insights/brand-finance-global-soft-power-index-2025-china-overtakes-uk-for-the-first-time-us-remains-top-ranked-nation-brand |access-date=22 February 2025 |website=Brand Finance}}</ref>
| style="width:25%; text-align:center;" | '''ISSF's<br />World Soft Power Index 2023'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/issf-wspi-2023-final|title=World Soft Power Index 2023|date=15 August 2023 |access-date = 31 October 2023}}</ref>
| style="width:25%; text-align:center;"|'''Monocle's<br />Soft Power Survey 2022'''<ref>{{cite news|url=https://monocle.com/magazine/issues/159/soft-power-survey-part-one/|url-access=subscription |title=Soft Power Survey: Part one|last1=Self|first1=Alexis|work=[[Monocle (brand)|Monocle]]|access-date=15 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://monocle.com/magazine/issues/159/soft-power-survey-part-two/|url-access=subscription |title=Soft Power Survey: Part two|last1=Self|first1=Alexis|work=[[Monocle (brand)|Monocle]]|access-date=15 January 2023}}</ref>
| style="width:25%; text-align:center;" | '''IMF<br />Global Soft Power Index 2021'''<ref>{{cite web | last1=Cevik | first1=Serhan | last2=Padilha | first2=Tales | title=Measuring Soft Power: A New Global Index | website=IMF | date=2024-10-04 | url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2024/10/04/Measuring-Soft-Power-A-New-Global-Index-555898 | access-date=2024-12-12}}</ref>

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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"
! Rank || Country
|-
| 1 || {{USA}}
|-
| 2 || {{CHN}}
|-
| 3 || {{GBR}}
|-
| 4 || {{JPN}}
|-
| 5 || {{GER}}
|-
| 6 || {{FRA}}
|-
| 7 || {{CAN}}
|-
| 8 || {{SWI}}
|-
| 9 || {{ITA}}
|-
| 10 || {{UAE}}
|}
|
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"
! Rank || Country
|-
| 1 || {{USA}}
|-
| 2 || {{FRA}}
|-
| 3 || {{UK}}
|-
| 4 || {{JPN}}
|-
| 5 || {{GER}}
|-
| 6 || {{SWI}}
|-
| 7 || {{KOR}}
|-
| 8 || {{ESP}}
|-
| 9 || {{CAN}}
|-
| 10 || {{CHN}}
|-
|}
|
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"
! Rank || Country
|-
| 1 || {{USA}}
|-
| 2 || {{DEN}}
|-
| 3 || {{FRA}}
|-
| 4 || {{KOR}}
|-
| 5 || {{SWI}}
|-
| 6 || {{JPN}}
|-
| 7 || {{GER}}
|-
| 8 || {{GBR}}
|-
| 9 || {{ITA}}
|-
| 10 || {{UKR}}
|-
|}
|
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"
! Rank || Country
|-
| 1 || {{KOR}}
|-
| 2 || {{JPN}}
|-
| 3 || {{GER}}
|-
| 4 || {{CHN}}
|-
| 5 || {{ITA}}
|-
| 6 || {{FRA}}
|-
| 7 || {{USA}}
|-
| 8 || {{GBR}}
|-
| 9 || {{ESP}}
|-
| 10 || {{CHE}}
|}
|}