Editing Sofia (section)

===Climate===
Sofia has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Dfb''; ''Cfb'' if with −3&nbsp;°C [[Isotherm (contour line)|isotherm]]) with an average annual temperature of {{convert|10.9|°C|1|abbr=on}}.

Winters are relatively cold and snowy. In the coldest days temperatures can drop below {{convert|-15|°C|0}}, most notably in January. The lowest recorded temperature is {{convert|-31.2|°C|0}} (16 January 1893).<ref>[https://noviiskar.wordpress.com/2011/03/22/%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82/ Софийска голяма община – климат] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807082818/https://noviiskar.wordpress.com/2011/03/22/%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82/ |date=7 August 2020 }}.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rzoLAAAAIAAJ&q=31.2+++1893+ |title=Атанас Иширков, България. Географически бележки, Придворна печатница, 1910 година, стр. 78. |access-date=3 September 2019 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807083050/https://books.google.bg/books?hl=bg&id=rzoLAAAAIAAJ&dq=31.2++16+%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8+1893+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=31.2+++1893+ |url-status=live |last1=Ishirkov |first1=Anastas |year=1910 }}</ref> On average, Sofia receives a total snowfall of {{convert|98|cm|1|abbr=on}} and 56 days with snow cover.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stringmeteo.com/synop/bg_tuti.php?year=1991&month=01&day=01&station=156140&mode=m&submit1=%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%96%D0%98#sel|title=Архив-Бг3 » 01-1991 София|first=Иван|last=Николов|work=stringmeteo.com|access-date=1 January 2021|archive-date=29 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529145520/https://www.stringmeteo.com/synop/bg_tuti.php?year=1991&month=01&day=01&station=156140&mode=m&submit1=%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%96%D0%98#sel|url-status=live}}</ref> The snowiest recorded winter was 1939/1940 with a total snowfall of {{convert|169|cm|1|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stringmeteo.com/synop/sf_3747/1939-11.pdf |title=Статистически Данни |website=stringmeteo.com |access-date=13 August 2024}}</ref> The record snow depth is {{convert|57|cm|1|abbr=on}} (25 December 2001).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stringmeteo.com/synop/bg_stday.php?year=2001&month=12&day=25&city=15614&int=1&submit=%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%96%D0%98|title=Времето София » 25.12.2001|first=Иван|last=Николов|work=stringmeteo.com|access-date=28 January 2015|archive-date=3 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403113829/http://www.stringmeteo.com/synop/bg_stday.php?year=2001&month=12&day=25&city=15614&int=1&submit=%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%96%D0%98|url-status=live}}</ref> The coldest recorded year was 1893 with an average January temperature of {{convert|-10.4|°C|0}} and an annual temperature of {{convert|8.2|C|F}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Вековен архив - София » 01.1887 - 12.2007|url=https://www.stringmeteo.com/synop/sf_cent.php?year1=1887&month1=1&year2=2007&month2=12&nor=on&t_in=on&p_in=on&st=sf&submit=%25CF%25CE%25CA%25C0%25C6%25C8|access-date=2021-05-17|website=www.stringmeteo.com|archive-date=17 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517201047/https://www.stringmeteo.com/synop/sf_cent.php?year1=1887&month1=1&year2=2007&month2=12&nor=on&t_in=on&p_in=on&st=sf&submit=%25CF%25CE%25CA%25C0%25C6%25C8|url-status=live}}</ref>

Summers are quite warm and sunny. In summer, the city generally remains slightly cooler than other parts of Bulgaria, due to its higher altitude. However, the city is also subject to heat waves with high temperatures reaching or exceeding {{convert|35|°C|0}} on the hottest days, particularly in July and August. The highest recorded temperature is {{convert|40.2|°C|0}} (5 July 2000).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://novini247.com/novini/prez-2000-godina-na-5-yuli-e-bil-edin-ot_6535868.html | title=През 2000 година на 5 юли е бил един от | date=4 July 2023 }}</ref> The hottest recorded month was July 2012 with an average temperature of {{convert|24.8|°C|0}}.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.stringmeteo.com/synop/temp_month.php?month=7&year=2012 | title=Времето-България » Мес. обобщ. температури }}</ref> The warmest year on record was 2024 with an annual temperature of {{convert|12.5|°C|0}}.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.stringmeteo.com/synop/temp_year.php?year=2024&month=1&len=12&an_per=9120&ord=num&submit=%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%96%D0%98#sel | title=Архив-Бг » Год. обобщ. температури }}</ref>

Springs and autumns in Sofia are usually short with variable and dynamic weather.

The city receives an average precipitation of {{convert|625.7|mm|2|abbr=on}} a year, reaching its peak in late spring and early summer when [[thunderstorms]] are common. The driest recorded year was 2000 with a total precipitation of {{convert|304.6|mm|2|abbr=on}}, while the wettest year on record was 2014 with a total precipitation of {{convert|1066.6|mm|2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.stringmeteo.com/synop/semi_cent2.php?year=2000&month=12&stat=2064&sty=2000&endy=2000&prm_in=on&mode=stat&submit=%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%96%D0%98#sel |title=Век. месечен архив Бг |access-date=18 January 2020 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807085034/https://www.stringmeteo.com/synop/semi_cent2.php?year=2000&month=12&stat=2064&sty=2000&endy=2000&prm_in=on&mode=stat&submit=%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%96%D0%98#sel |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.stringmeteo.com/synop/prec_year.php?year=2014&month=1&len=12&ord=num&submit=%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%96%D0%98#sel |title=Архив-Бг » Год. обобщ. валежи |access-date=18 January 2020 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807084615/https://www.stringmeteo.com/synop/prec_year.php?year=2014&month=1&len=12&ord=num&submit=%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%96%D0%98#sel |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Weather box
| location     = Sofia (NIMH−[[Bulgarian Academy of Sciences|BAS]]) 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present
| metric first = Y
| single line  = Y
| Jan record high C = 18
| Feb record high C = 22.2
| Mar record high C = 31
| Apr record high C = 30.6
| May record high C = 34.1
| Jun record high C = 37.2
| Jul record high C = 40.2
| Aug record high C = 39
| Sep record high C = 37.1
| Oct record high C = 33.6
| Nov record high C = 25.8
| Dec record high C = 21.3
| year record high C = 40.2
| Jan high C = 3.5
| Feb high C = 6.5
| Mar high C = 11.4
| Apr high C = 16.7
| May high C = 21.4
| Jun high C = 25.2
| Jul high C = 27.8
| Aug high C = 28.3
| Sep high C = 23.3
| Oct high C = 17.6
| Nov high C = 10.7
| Dec high C = 4.6
| year high C = 
| Jan mean C = −0.5
| Feb mean C = 1.6
| Mar mean C = 5.8
| Apr mean C = 10.9
| May mean C = 15.5
| Jun mean C = 19.4
| Jul mean C = 21.6
| Aug mean C = 21.5
| Sep mean C = 16.8
| Oct mean C = 11.4
| Nov mean C = 5.9
| Dec mean C = 0.8
| year mean C = 
| Jan low C = -3.9
| Feb low C = -2.4
| Mar low C = 1.1
| Apr low C = 5.3
| May low C = 9.8
| Jun low C = 13.4
| Jul low C = 15.3
| Aug low C = 15
| Sep low C = 10.9
| Oct low C = 6.3
| Nov low C = 1.9
| Dec low C = -2.4
| year low C = 
| Jan record low C = -31.2
| Feb record low C = -24.1
| Mar record low C = -18
| Apr record low C = -5.9
| May record low C = -2.2
| Jun record low C = 2.5
| Jul record low C = 5.3
| Aug record low C = 3.5
| Sep record low C = -2
| Oct record low C = -5.6
| Nov record low C = -15.3
| Dec record low C = -21.1
| year record low C = -31.2
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 35.9
| Feb precipitation mm = 35.5
| Mar precipitation mm = 45.3
| Apr precipitation mm = 52.3
| May precipitation mm = 73.1
| Jun precipitation mm = 81.6
| Jul precipitation mm = 64.7
| Aug precipitation mm = 53.1
| Sep precipitation mm = 52.3
| Oct precipitation mm = 53.9
| Nov precipitation mm = 38.1
| Dec precipitation mm = 39.9
| year precipitation mm = 
| Jan snow cm = 24.9
| Feb snow cm = 21
| Mar snow cm = 15.4
| Apr snow cm = 3
| May snow cm = 0
| Jun snow cm = 0
| Jul snow cm = 0
| Aug snow cm = 0
| Sep snow cm = 0
| Oct snow cm = 1.5
| Nov snow cm = 10.7
| Dec snow cm = 21
| year snow cm = 
| Jan precipitation days = 10.7
| Feb precipitation days = 9.4
| Mar precipitation days = 10.9
| Apr precipitation days = 10.7
| May precipitation days = 13.9
| Jun precipitation days = 12
| Jul precipitation days = 8.1
| Aug precipitation days = 7.1
| Sep precipitation days = 8.2
| Oct precipitation days = 8.4
| Nov precipitation days = 8.1
| Dec precipitation days = 10.7
| year precipitation days = 
| Jan snow days = 7.5
| Feb snow days = 6.5
| Mar snow days = 5.2
| Apr snow days = 1.3
| May snow days = 0
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 0.7
| Nov snow days = 2.7
| Dec snow days = 6.4
| year snow days = 
| Jan sun = 87.9
| Feb sun = 117.2
| Mar sun = 169
| Apr sun = 195.1
| May sun = 236
| Jun sun = 268.1
| Jul sun = 311.9
| Aug sun = 307.3
| Sep sun = 225.1
| Oct sun = 166.8
| Nov sun = 107.7
| Dec sun = 69.1
| year sun = 
| Jan uv  =1
| Feb uv  =2
| Mar uv  =4
| Apr uv  =5
| May uv  =7
| Jun uv  =9
| Jul uv  =9
| Aug uv  =8
| Sep uv  =6
| Oct uv  =4
| Nov uv  =2
| Dec uv  =1
| source = [[NOAA]]/[[WMO]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Bulgaria/CSV/ | title=Index of /Archive/Arc0216/0253808/2.2/Data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Bulgaria/CSV }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-VI/BU/15614.TXT |title=Station Name: Sofia |publisher=United States [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=13 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.stringmeteo.com/synop/semi_cent.php?year=2020&month=12&stat=15614&an_per=no_an&sty=1991&endy=2020&t_in=on&mode=stat&submit=%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%96%D0%98#sel | title=Век. месечен архив Бг |work=Stringmeteo.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.stringmeteo.com/synop/semi_cent2.php?year=2010&month=12&stat=2064&sty=1991&endy=2010&prm_in=on&ssh_in=on&mode=stat&submit=%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%96%D0%98#sel | title=Век. месечен архив Бг |work=Stringmeteo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=Archived copy | url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stringmeteo.com%2Fsynop%2Fclimate_bg%2FAbsolute_Maximum_Temperatures.doc&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331184622/https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stringmeteo.com%2Fsynop%2Fclimate_bg%2FAbsolute_Maximum_Temperatures.doc&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK | archive-date=2024-03-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=Archived copy | url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stringmeteo.com%2Fsynop%2Fclimate_bg%2FAbsolute_Minimum_Temperatures.doc&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331184747/https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stringmeteo.com%2Fsynop%2Fclimate_bg%2FAbsolute_Minimum_Temperatures.doc&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK | archive-date=2024-03-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title=Статистически годишник ha народната република българия | language=bg | trans-title=Statistical Yearbook of the People's Republic of Bulgaria 1947-1948 | url=https://web.uni-plovdiv.net/vedrin/sg/sg-bg-1947-1948.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402212837/https://web.uni-plovdiv.net/vedrin/sg/sg-bg-1947-1948.pdf | archive-date=2024-04-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.stringmeteo.com/synop/bg_stday.php?year=2021&month=11&day=05&city=15614&int=1&submit=%CF%CE%CA%C0%C6%C8 | title=Времето София » 05.11.2021 }}</ref> Climatebase.ru<ref>{{cite web | url=http://climatebase.ru/station/15614/from2000?lang=en | title=Browser Check Page }}</ref>  and Weather Atlas<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/bulgaria/sofia-climate |title=Sofia, Bulgaria - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast |access-date=3 September 2019 |archive-date=9 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309081520/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/bulgaria/sofia-climate |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}