Editing Snare drum (section)

==History==
The snare drum seems to have descended from a medieval drum called the [[Tabor (instrument)|tabor]], which was a drum with a single-gut snare strung across the bottom. It is a little bigger than a medium [[Tom-tom drum|tom]] and was first used in war, often played with a [[Fife (instrument)|fife]] (pipe); the player would play both the fife and drum (see also [[Pipe and tabor]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drummuffler.com/history-of-the-snare-drum.html |title=History of the snare drum |publisher=Drummuffler.com |access-date=2012-04-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mathcs.duq.edu/~iben/snare.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722185830/http://www.mathcs.duq.edu/~iben/snare.htm|url-status=dead|title=Another short history of the snare drum|archivedate=22 July 2011|access-date=19 April 2021}}</ref> Tabors were not always double-headed<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tabor |title=Definition of Tabor |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |access-date=2012-04-27}}</ref> and not all may have had snares. By the 15th century, the size of the snare drum had increased and had a cylindrical shape. This simple drum with a simple snare became popular with the [[Swiss mercenaries|Swiss mercenary]] troops who used the [[Fife (instrument)|fife]] and drum from the [[15th century|15th]] to [[16th century|16th]] centuries. The drum was made deeper and carried along the side of the body. Further developments appeared in the 17th century, with the use of screws to hold down the snares, giving a brighter sound than the rattle of a loose snare. During the 18th century, the snare drum underwent changes which improved its characteristic sound. Metal snares appeared in the 20th century. Today the snare drum is used in jazz, pop music and modern orchestral music.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://musiced.about.com/od/percussions/p/kettledrum.htm |title=Profile of the Snare Drum – Percussions |website=Musiced.about.com |date=2012-04-10 |access-date=2012-04-27}}</ref>

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|title=Drum – Cadence A
|filename2=Drum - Cadence B.ogg
|title2=Drum – Cadence B
|filename3=Drums - Four Flams.ogg
|title3=Drum – Four Flams
|description3=Snare [[drum cadence]]s performed by the [[United States Navy Band]]
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Much of the development of the snare drum and its [[rudiments]] is closely tied to the use of the snare drum in the military. In his book, ''The Art of Snare Drumming'', [[Sanford A. Moeller]] (of the "Moeller Method" of drumming) states, "To acquire a knowledge of the true nature of the [snare] drum, it is absolutely necessary to study military drumming, for it is essentially a military instrument and its true character cannot be brought out with an incorrect method. When a composer wants a martial effect, he instinctively turns to the drums."

Before the advent of radio and electronic communications, the snare drum was often used to communicate orders to soldiers. American troops were woken up by drum and fife playing about five minutes of music, for example, the well-known ''Three Camps''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIPVnpcBLxk  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/yIPVnpcBLxk| archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|title=Three camps played in a traditional (authentic) rudimentary style |via=YouTube |date=2008-06-16 |access-date=2012-04-27}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Troops were called for meals by certain drum pieces, such as "Peas on a Trencher" or "Roast Beef". A piece called the "[[Tattoo (bugle call)|Tattoo]]" was used to signal that all soldiers should be in their tent, and the "[[Fatigue Call]]" was used to police the quarters or drum unruly women out of the camp.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geocities.com/cwfifedrum/schedule.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001005112714/http://www.geocities.com/cwfifedrum/schedule.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 October 2000 |title=Schedule of calls the musicians (drummers) made in the camps |date=2009-10-27 |access-date=2012-04-27 }}</ref>

Many of these military pieces required a thorough grounding in [[Drum rudiment|rudimental drumming]]; indeed Moeller states that: "They [the rudimental drummers] were the only ones who could do it [play the military camp duty pieces]".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Moeller|first1=Sanford|title=The Moeller Book: The Art of Snare Drumming|date=1956|publisher=Ludwig Masters|isbn=1571346899|page=10}}</ref> Moeller furthermore states that "No matter how well a drummer can read, if he does not know the rudimental system of drumming, it is impossible for him to play 'The Three Camps', 'Breakfast Call', or in fact any of the Duty except the simple beats such as 'The Troop'."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Moeller|first1=Sanford|title=The Moeller Book: The Art of Snare Drumming|date=1956|publisher=Ludwig Masters|isbn=1571346899|page=69}}</ref>

During the late 18th and 19th century, the military [[bugle]] largely supplanted the snare and fife for signals. Most modern militaries and [[scouting]] groups use the bugle alone to make [[bugle call]]s that announce scheduled and unscheduled events of the organization (from [[First call|First Call]] to [[Taps (bugle call)|Taps]]). While most modern military signals use only the bugle, the snare is still retained for some signals, for example, the [[Adjutant's Call]].

Snare [[drumhead]]s were originally made from [[calfskin]]. The invention of the plastic ([[BoPET|Mylar]]) drumhead is credited to a drummer named Marion "Chick" Evans, who made the first plastic drumhead in 1956.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.evansdrumheads.com/EvansNewsDetail.Page?ActiveId=2034&Id=54 |title=History of Evans drum head |publisher=Evansdrumheads.com |date=2006-01-19 |access-date=2012-04-27}}</ref>

[[Drum rudiment]]s seem to have developed with the snare drum; the Swiss fife and drum groups are sometimes credited with their invention.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rudimentaldrumming.com/nardhis.html |title=The development of Drum Rudiments, by W F Ludwig |publisher=Rudimentaldrumming.com |access-date=2012-04-27 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426035439/http://www.rudimentaldrumming.com/nardhis.html |archive-date=26 April 2012 }}</ref> The first written rudiment was drawn up in [[Basel]], Switzerland in 1610.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pfyffersyte.ch/files/repertoire/hit2005_PundT.php |title=Basler Pfyffersyte – Repertoire vo de Clique 2005 |publisher=Pfyffersyte.ch |access-date=2012-04-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218200552/http://www.pfyffersyte.ch/files/repertoire/hit2005_PundT.php |archive-date=18 February 2012 }}</ref> Rudiments with familiar names—such as the [[Drum rudiment|single paradiddle, flam, drag, ratamacue, and double stroke roll]], also called the "ma-ma da-da" roll—are listed in Charles Ashworth's book in 1812.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.fifedrum.org/resources/music/ashworth/|title=A new, useful and complete system of drum beating including the reveille, troop, retreat, officer's calls, signals, salutes, and the whole of the camp duty as practiced at head quarters, Washington City : intended particularly for the United States Army and Navy|last=Ashworth|first=Charles|publisher=G. Graupner|year=1812|location=Boston, Massachusetts}}</ref>