Editing Slavonia (section)

===Middle Ages===
{{see also|Pannonian Slavs#Principality|Kingdom of Croatia (medieval)|Croatia in personal union with Hungary}}
[[File:Medieval pozega.jpg|thumb|left|Medieval [[Požega, Croatia|Požega]]]]
After the collapse of the [[Western Roman Empire]], which included the territory occupied by modern-day Slavonia, the area became a part of the [[Ostrogothic Kingdom]] by the end of the 5th century. However, control of the area proved a significant task, and [[Lombards]] were given increasing control of Pannonia in the 6th century, which ended in their withdrawal in 568 and the arrival of [[Pannonian Avars]] and Slavs, who established control of Pannonia by the year 582.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6UbOtJcF8rQC|title=Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat: Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and Early Medieval Dalmatia|author=Danijel Dzino|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|year=2010|isbn=978-90-04-18646-0|access-date=11 March 2012}}</ref> After the fall of the Avar Khaganate at the beginning of the 9th century, in [[Pannonian Slavs#Principality|Lower Pannonia there was a principality]], governed by Slavic rulers who were vassals of [[Francia|Francs]]. The [[Hungarian invasions of Europe|invasion of the Hungarian tribes]] overwhelmed this state. The eastern part of Slavonia in the 9th century may have been ruled by [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgars]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Alimov |first1=D. E. |script-title=ru:Этногенез хорватов: формирование хорватской этнополитической общности в VII–IX вв. |title=Etnogenez khorvatov: formirovaniye khorvatskoy etnopoliticheskoy obshchnosti v VII–IX vv. |trans-title=Ethnogenesis of Croats: the formation of the Croatian ethnopolitical community in the 7th – 9th centuries |language=ru |date=2016 |publisher=Нестор-История |location=St. Petersburg |isbn=978-5-4469-0970-4 |pages=303–305 |url=https://www.bulgari-istoria-2010.com/booksRu/D_Alimov_Ethnogenesis_of_the_Croats.pdf |access-date=12 December 2019 |archive-date=12 December 2019 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212091547/https://www.bulgari-istoria-2010.com/booksRu/D_Alimov_Ethnogenesis_of_the_Croats.pdf  }}</ref> The first king of Croatia [[Tomislav I of Croatia|Tomislav]] defeated Hungarian and [[Croatian–Bulgarian battle of 926|Bulgarian invasions]] and spread the influence of Croatian kings northward to Slavonia.<ref name="Posavec">{{cite journal|journal=Radovi Zavoda Za Hrvatsku Povijest|volume=30|issue=1|issn=0353-295X|pages=281–290|title=Povijesni zemljovidi i granice Hrvatske u Tomislavovo doba|trans-title=Historical maps and borders of Croatia in age of Tomislav|language=hr|author=Vladimir Posavec|date=March 1998|access-date=16 October 2011|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=62779}}</ref> The medieval Croatian kingdom reached its peak in the 11th century during the reigns of [[Petar Krešimir IV of Croatia|Petar Krešimir IV]] (1058–1074) and [[Demetrius Zvonimir of Croatia|Dmitar Zvonimir]] (1075–1089).<ref name="Margetić">{{cite journal|journal=Radovi Zavoda Za Hrvatsku Povijest|volume=29|issue=1|issn=0353-295X|pages=11–20|title=Regnum Croatiae et Dalmatiae u doba Stjepana II.|trans-title=Regnum Croatiae et Dalmatiae in age of Stjepan II|language=hr|author=Lujo Margetić|date=January 1997|access-date=16 October 2011|url= http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=76963}}</ref> When [[Stephen II of Croatia|Stjepan II]] died in 1091, ending the [[House of Trpimirović|Trpimirović]] dynasty, [[Ladislaus I of Hungary]] claimed the Croatian crown. Opposition to the claim led to a [[Battle of Gvozd Mountain|war]] and [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|personal union of Croatia and Hungary]] in 1102, ruled by [[Coloman of Hungary|Coloman]].<ref name="HR-HU-Heka">{{cite journal|journal=Scrinia Slavonica|issn=1332-4853|publisher=Hrvatski institut za povijest – Podružnica za povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje|title= Hrvatsko-ugarski odnosi od sredinjega vijeka do nagodbe iz 1868. s posebnim osvrtom na pitanja Slavonije|trans-title=Croatian-Hungarian relations from the Middle Ages to the Compromise of 1868, with a special survey of the Slavonian issue|language=hr|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=68144|author= Ladislav Heka|date=October 2008|volume=8|issue=1|pages=152–173|access-date=16 October 2011}}</ref> In the 2nd half of the 12th century, Croatia and the territory between the Drava and the Sava were governed by the [[Ban of Slavonia|ban of all Slavonia]], appointed by the king. From the 13th century, a separate ban governed parts of present-day [[central Croatia]], western Slavonia, and northwestern [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], an area where a new entity emerged named Kingdom of Slavonia ({{langx|la|regnum Sclavoniae}}), while modern-day eastern Slavonia was a part of Hungary. Croatia and Slavonia were in 1476 united under the same [[Ban of Croatia|ban]] ([[viceroy]]), but kept separate parliaments until 1558.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Slavonija |encyclopedia=Croatian Encyclopedia |year=2021 |publisher=Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography |url=https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/slavonija |access-date=5 April 2021 }}</ref>
[[File:Croatia 15th century map.png|thumb|230px|Map of Slavonia in the 15th century]]
The [[Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War|Ottoman conquests in Croatia]] led to the 1493 [[Battle of Krbava field]] and 1526 [[Battle of Mohács]], both ending in decisive Ottoman victories. King [[Louis II of Hungary]] died at Mohács, and [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]] of the [[House of Habsburg]] was [[1527 election in Cetin|elected in 1527]] as the new ruler of Croatia, under the condition that he provide protection to Croatia against the Ottoman Empire, while respecting its political rights.<ref name="Povijest-saborovanja">{{cite web|url=http://www.sabor.hr/Default.aspx?sec=404|title=Povijest saborovanja|trans-title=History of parliamentarism|language=hr|publisher=[[Sabor]]|access-date=18 October 2010|archive-date=28 April 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428013806/http://www.sabor.hr/Default.aspx?sec=404}}</ref><ref name="frucht422">Frucht 2005, p. 422-423</ref> The period saw the rise to prominence of a native nobility such as the [[Frankopan]]s and the [[Šubić]]s, and ultimately to numerous [[Ban (title)|bans]] from the two families.<ref name="Font">{{cite journal|journal=Povijesni prilozi|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=13778|issn=0351-9767|publisher=Croatian Institute of History|date=July 2005|volume=28|issue=28|pages=7–22|author=Márta Font|title=Ugarsko Kraljevstvo i Hrvatska u srednjem vijeku|language=hr|trans-title=Hungarian Kingdom and Croatia in the Middlea Ages|access-date=17 October 2011}}</ref> The present coat of arms of Slavonia, used in an official capacity as a part of the [[coat of arms of Croatia]],<ref name="Arms-Act">{{cite news|newspaper=Narodne Novine|url=http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/253505.html|language=hr|title=Zakon o grbu, zastavi i himni Republike Hrvatske te zastavi i lenti predsjednika Republike Hrvatske|trans-title=Coat of Arms, Flag and Anthem of the Republic of Croatia, Flag and Sash of the President of the Republic of Croatia Act|date=21 December 1990|access-date=19 November 2011}}</ref> dates from this period—it was granted to Slavonia by king [[Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary|Vladislaus II Jagiellon]] on 8 December 1496.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Osijek-Baranja County]]|url=http://www.obz.hr/hr/pdf/znamenjaWEB.pdf|title=The symbols of Osijek-Baranja County|page=44|year=2003|author=Davor Brunčić|access-date=2 April 2012}}</ref>