Editing Simon & Garfunkel (section)

===1957–1964: From Tom & Jerry and early recordings{{anchor|Tom & Jerry}}===
[[File:TomAndJerry-One-front.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|1957 publicity photo of Simon & Garfunkel as Tom & Jerry]]
Under Big Records, Simon and Garfunkel assumed the name Tom & Jerry; Garfunkel named himself Tom Graph, a reference to his interest in mathematics, and Simon Jerry Landis, after the surname of a girl he had dated. Their first single, "Hey, Schoolgirl", was released with the B-side "Dancin' Wild" in 1957.<ref name="Pete Fornatale 19"/><ref name="Forn20">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3xrGR7hYesYC&pg=PT31|page=20|title=Simon and Garfunkel's Bookends|author=Pete Fornatale|publisher=Rodale|date= October 30, 2007 |isbn=9781594864278}}</ref> Prosen, using the [[payola]] system, bribed DJ [[Alan Freed]] $200 to play the single on his radio show, where it became a nightly staple.<ref name="page22">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/paulsimonlife0000elio|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/paulsimonlife0000elio/page/22 22]|date=2010|author=Marc Eliot|title=Paul Simon: A Life|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn= 978-0-470-43363-8}}</ref> "Hey, Schoolgirl" attracted regular rotation on nationwide [[AM broadcasting|AM]] pop stations, leading it to sell over 100,000 copies and to land on ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''{{'s}} charts at number 49.<ref name="page22" /> Prosen promoted the group heavily, getting them a headlining spot on [[Dick Clark]]'s ''[[American Bandstand]]'' alongside [[Jerry Lee Lewis]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/paulsimonlife0000elio|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/paulsimonlife0000elio/page/23 23]|date=2010|author=Marc Eliot|title=Paul Simon: A Life|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn= 978-0-470-43363-8}}</ref> Simon and Garfunkel shared approximately $4,000 from the song—earning two percent each from royalties, the rest staying with Prosen.<ref name="page24">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/paulsimonlife0000elio|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/paulsimonlife0000elio/page/24 24]|date=2010|author=Marc Eliot|title=Paul Simon: A Life|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn= 978-0-470-43363-8}}</ref> They released two more singles on Big Records ("Our Song" and "That's My Story") neither of them successful.<ref name="Browne32" /><ref name="Rockabilly">{{cite web|url=http://www.rockabilly.nl/artists/simongarfunkel.htm |title=Tom & Jerry meet Tico & The Triumphs Early Simon & Garfunkel |author=Dee Jay Jamboree|publisher=rockabilly.nl}}</ref><ref name="Davis">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2IBSoKMsgQC&pg=PA1930|page=13|title=Every Chart Topper Tells a Story: The Seventies|author=Sharon Davis|publisher=Random House|date= January 6, 2012|isbn=9781780574103}}</ref>

After graduating from Forest Hills High School in 1958,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bertrand|first1=Donald|title=For boro, such a trail Jewish heritage map to be light & serious|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/boro-trail-jewish-heritage-map-light-serious-article-1.489603|access-date=August 17, 2016|work=NY Daily News|date=May 26, 2002}}</ref> the pair continued their education should a music career not unfold. Simon studied English at [[Queens College, City University of New York]], and Garfunkel studied architecture before switching to art history at [[Columbia College, Columbia University]].<ref name="Forn20" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artgarfunkel.com/bio.html|title=Art Garfunkel Biography|work=artgarfunkel.com|access-date=April 30, 2015|archive-date=April 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423055851/http://www.artgarfunkel.com/bio.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Columbia">{{cite web|url=http://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/remarkable_columbians/art_garfunkel.html|title=C250 Celebrates Columbians Ahead of Their Time: Arthur Ira Garfunkel|date=2004|author=Columbia University}}</ref> While still with Big Records as a duo, Simon released a solo single, "True or False", under the name "True Taylor".<ref name="page24" /> This upset Garfunkel, who regarded it as a betrayal; the emotional tension from the incident occasionally surfaced throughout their relationship.<ref name="Forn22">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3xrGR7hYesYC&pg=PT33|page=22|title=Simon and Garfunkel's Bookends|author=Pete Fornatale|publisher=Rodale|date= October 30, 2007 |isbn=9781594864278}}</ref>

Simon and Garfunkel continued recording as solo artists: Garfunkel composed and recorded "Private World" for Octavia Records, and—under the name Artie Garr—"Beat Love" for Warwick Records; Simon recorded with [[the Mystics]] and Tico and the Triumphs, and wrote and recorded under the names Jerry Landis and Paul Kane.<ref name="Rockabilly" /><ref name="Forn22" /><ref name="Davis14">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2IBSoKMsgQC&pg=PA1931|page=14|title=Every Chart Topper Tells a Story: The Seventies|author=Sharon Davis|publisher=Random House|date= January 6, 2012|isbn=9781780574103}}</ref> Simon also wrote and performed demos for other artists, working for a while with [[Carole King]] and [[Gerry Goffin]].<ref name="Rockabilly" /><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ShBhKL-9SLIC&pg=PA1|page=1|title=The Words and Music of Paul Simon|author=James Bennighof|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|date= 2007|isbn=9780275991630}}</ref>

After graduating in 1963, Simon joined Garfunkel, who was still at Columbia University, to perform again as a duo, this time with a shared interest in [[folk music]].<ref name="page26">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/paulsimonlife0000elio|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/paulsimonlife0000elio/page/26 26]|date=2010|author=Marc Eliot|title=Paul Simon: A Life|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn= 978-0-470-43363-8}}</ref><ref name="Davis14" /> Simon enrolled part-time in [[Brooklyn Law School]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/paulsimonlife0000elio|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/paulsimonlife0000elio/page/32 32]|date=2010|author=Marc Eliot|title=Paul Simon: A Life|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn= 978-0-470-43363-8}}</ref> By late 1963, billing themselves as Kane & Garr, they performed at [[Gerde's Folk City]], a [[Greenwich Village]] club that hosted Monday night [[open mic]] performances.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/paulsimonlife0000elio|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/paulsimonlife0000elio/page/39 39]|date=2010|author=Marc Eliot|title=Paul Simon: A Life|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn= 978-0-470-43363-8}}</ref> They performed three new songs—"Sparrow", "He Was My Brother", and "[[The Sound of Silence]]"—and attracted the attention of Columbia Records staffer [[Tom Wilson (producer)|Tom Wilson]], a prominent A&R man and producer (who would later become a key architect of [[Bob Dylan]]'s transition from folk to rock).<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/the-culture/the-greatest-music-producer-youve-never-heard-of-is/|title=The Greatest Music Producer You've Never Heard of Is...|author=Michael Hall|magazine=Texas Monthly|date=January 6, 2014|access-date=May 17, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/paulsimonlife0000elio|url-access=registration|pages=[https://archive.org/details/paulsimonlife0000elio/page/39 39]–40|date=2010|author=Marc Eliot|title=Paul Simon: A Life|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn= 978-0-470-43363-8}}</ref> As a "star producer" for the label, he wanted to record "He Was My Brother" with a new British act, the Pilgrims.<ref name="page42">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/paulsimonlife0000elio|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/paulsimonlife0000elio/page/42 42]|date=2010|author=Marc Eliot|title=Paul Simon: A Life|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn= 978-0-470-43363-8}}</ref> Simon convinced Wilson to let him and Garfunkel audition in the studio, where they performed "The Sound of Silence". At Wilson's urging, Columbia signed them.<ref name="page42" />

Simon & Garfunkel's debut studio album, ''[[Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M.]]'', produced by Wilson, was recorded over three sessions in March 1964 and released in October.<ref name="Eliot43">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/paulsimonlife0000elio|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/paulsimonlife0000elio/page/43 43]|date=2010|author=Marc Eliot|title=Paul Simon: A Life|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn= 978-0-470-43363-8}}</ref> It contains five songs by Simon, three traditional folk songs, and four originals.<ref name="Eliot43" /> Simon was adamant that they would no longer use stage names.<ref name="Eliot45">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/paulsimonlife0000elio|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/paulsimonlife0000elio/page/45 45]|date=2010|author=Marc Eliot|title=Paul Simon: A Life|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn= 978-0-470-43363-8}}</ref> Columbia set up a promotional showcase at Folk City on March 31, 1964, the duo's first public concert as Simon & Garfunkel.<ref name="Eliot45" />