Editing Serialism (section)

===Non-twelve-tone serialism===
"The series is not an order of succession, but indeed a hierarchy—which may be independent of this order of succession".{{sfn|Boulez|1954|p=18}}{{sfn|Griffiths|1978|p=37}}

Rules of analysis derived from twelve-tone theory do not apply to serialism of the second type: "in particular the ideas, one, that the series is an intervallic sequence, and two, that the rules are consistent".{{sfn|Maconie|2005|p=119}} For example, Stockhausen's early serial works, such as ''[[Kreuzspiel]]'' and ''[[Formel (Stockhausen)|Formel]]'', "advance in unit sections within which a preordained set of pitches is repeatedly reconfigured&nbsp;... The composer's model for the distributive serial process corresponds to a development of the Zwölftonspiel of Josef Matthias Hauer".{{sfn|Maconie|2005|loc=56}} Goeyvaerts's ''Nummer 4'' <blockquote>provides a classic illustration of the distributive function of seriality: 4 times an equal number of elements of equal duration within an equal global time is distributed in the most equable way, unequally with regard to one another, over the temporal space: from the greatest possible coïncidence to the greatest possible dispersion. This provides an exemplary demonstration of that logical principle of seriality: ''every situation must occur once and only once''.{{sfn|Sabbe|1977|p=114}}</blockquote>
[[Henri Pousseur]], after initially working with twelve-tone technique in works like ''Sept Versets'' (1950) and ''Trois Chants sacrés'' (1951),<blockquote>evolved away from this bond in ''Symphonies pour quinze Solistes'' [1954–55] and in the ''Quintette'' [''à la mémoire d’Anton Webern'', 1955], and from around the time of ''Impromptu'' [1955] encounters whole new dimensions of application and new functions.</blockquote>
<blockquote>The twelve-tone series loses its imperative function as a prohibiting, regulating, and patterning authority; its working-out is abandoned through its own constant-frequent presence: all 66 intervallic relations among the 12 pitches being virtually present. Prohibited intervals, like the octave, and prohibited successional relations, such as premature note repetitions, frequently occur, although obscured in the dense contexture. The number twelve no longer plays any governing, defining rôle; the pitch constellations no longer hold to the limitation determined by their formation. The dodecaphonic series loses its significance as a concrete model of shape (or a well-defined collection of concrete shapes) is played out. And the chromatic total remains active only, and provisionally, as a general reference.{{sfn|Sabbe|1977|p=264}}</blockquote>
In the 1960s Pousseur took this a step further, applying a consistent set of predefined transformations to preexisting music. One example is the large orchestral work ''Couleurs croisées'' (''Crossed Colours'', 1967), which performs these transformations on the protest song "[[We Shall Overcome]]", creating a succession of different situations that are sometimes chromatic and dissonant and sometimes diatonic and consonant.{{sfn|Locanto|2010|p=157}} In his opera ''[[Votre Faust]]'' (''Your Faust'', 1960–68) Pousseur used many quotations, themselves arranged into a "scale" for serial treatment. This "generalised" serialism (in the strongest possible sense) aims not to exclude any musical phenomena, no matter how heterogeneous, in order "to control the effects of tonal determinism, dialectize its causal functions, and overcome any academic prohibitions, especially the fixing of an anti-grammar meant to replace some previous one".{{sfn|Bosseur|1989|pp=60–61}}

At about the same time, Stockhausen began using serial methods to integrate a variety of musical sources from recorded examples of folk and traditional music from around the world in his electronic composition ''[[Telemusik]]'' (1966), and from [[national anthem]]s in ''[[Hymnen]]'' (1966–67). He extended this serial "polyphony of styles" in a series of "process-plan" works in the late 1960s, as well as later in portions of ''[[Licht]]'', the cycle of seven operas he composed between 1977 and 2003.{{sfn|Kohl|2002|pp=97 et passim}}