Editing Sergei Korolev (section)

==Early career==
[[File:Korolyov in cockpit.jpg|thumb|right|Korolev sitting in the cockpit of glider "Koktebel."]]
After graduation, Korolev worked with some of the best Soviet designers at the 4th Experimental Section aircraft design bureau OPO-4 headed by {{Interlanguage link multi|Paul Aimé Richard|fr|3=Paul Aimé Richard|vertical-align=sup}} who emigrated to the USSR from France in the 1920s.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2000|p=122}} He did not stand out in this group, but while so employed he also worked independently to design a glider capable of performing aerobatics. In 1930 he became interested in the possibilities of liquid-fueled rocket engines to propel airplanes, while working at the [[Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute]] (TsAGI) as a lead engineer on the [[Tupolev TB-3]] heavy bomber.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2000|p=4}} Korolev earned his pilot's license in 1930 and explored the operational limits of the aircraft he piloted, wondering what was beyond his plane's altitude limit and how he could get there. Many believe this was the start of his interest in space.{{sfn|Harford|1997}}

Korolev married Xenia Vincentini on 6 August 1931. He had first proposed marriage to her in 1924, but she then declined so she might continue her higher education. In 1931, Korolev and [[Spaceflight|space travel]] enthusiast [[Friedrich Zander]] participated in the creation of the [[Group for the Study of Reactive Motion]] (GIRD), one of the earliest state-sponsored centers for rocket development in the USSR. While there, he met [[Mikhail Tikhonravov]], a glider pilot and aerospace engineer who would later work under Korolev's Sputnik group.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Siddiqi |first=Asif A. |date=2023-03-29 |title=Korolev, Sputnik, and The International Geophysical Year |url=https://history.nasa.gov/sputnik/siddiqi.html |website=NASA History Division: Sputnik and the Dawn of the Space Age |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration}}</ref> In May 1932 Korolev was appointed chief of the group; and military interest encouraged funding of group projects. On August 18, 1933, GIRD launched the first [[Hybrid-propellant rocket|hybrid propellant rocket]], the [[Group for the Study of Reactive Motion#GIRD-9|GIRD-09]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Okninski |first1=Adam |title=Hybrid rocket propulsion technology for space transportation revisited - propellant solutions and challenges |journal=FirePhysChem |date=December 2021 |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=260–271 |doi=10.1016/j.fpc.2021.11.015 |bibcode=2021FPhCh...1..260O |s2cid=244899773 |doi-access=free }}</ref> and on November 25, 1933, the Soviet's first liquid-fueled rocket [[GIRD-X]].<ref>{{cite web |title=GIRD (Gruppa Isutcheniya Reaktivnovo Dvisheniya) |url=http://weebau.com/rock_rus/gird.htm |website=WEEBAU |access-date=26 July 2022}}</ref>

Growing military interest in this new technology caused GIRD to be merged with the [[Gas Dynamics Laboratory]] (GDL) at [[Saint Petersburg|Leningrad]] in 1933 to create the [[Reactive Scientific Research Institute]] (RNII), which brought together the best of the Soviet rocket talent, including Korolev, [[Georgy Langemak]], and former GDL engine designer [[Valentin Glushko]].{{sfn|Siddiqi|2000|p=7-8}}{{sfn|Baker|Zak|2013|p=9}} Korolev was appointed deputy head under [[Ivan Kleymyonov]], however in 1934, following a disagreement over the direction of RNII, Korolev was demoted to section chief of winged missiles and was replaced by [[Georgy Langemak]].{{sfn|Siddiqi|2000|p=7-8}}{{refn |group= note |11.01.1934. the position of deputy head of the RNII was eliminated, and instead of it the post of chief engineer was introduced.}} Korolev supervised development of [[cruise missile]]s and a crewed rocket-powered [[Glider aircraft|glider]]. "Rocket Flight in Stratosphere" was published by Korolev in 1934.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Space Age Turns 50 - Ideas of Space Flight from the Early 20th Century Korolev, the R-7, and Sputnik |url=https://faculty.etsu.edu/gardnerr/sputnik/korolev.htm |website=ESTU |access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref> On 10 April 1935, Korolev's wife gave birth to their daughter, Natalya; and they moved out of Sergei's parents' home and into their own apartment in 1936. Both Korolev and his wife had careers, and Sergei always spent long hours at his design office.