Editing September 13 (section)

===1601–1900===
*[[1609]] &ndash; [[Henry Hudson]] reaches the river that would later be named after him &ndash; the [[Hudson River]].
*[[1645]] &ndash; [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]]: Scottish Royalists are defeated by Covenanters at the [[Battle of Philiphaugh]].<ref>{{HEScotland |desc=Battle of Philiphaugh |num=BTL14 |access-date=July 8, 2024}}</ref>
*[[1743]] &ndash; Great Britain, Austria and the [[Kingdom of Sardinia]] sign the [[Treaty of Worms (1743)|Treaty of Worms]].
*[[1759]] &ndash; [[Battle of the Plains of Abraham]]: the British defeat the French near [[Quebec City]] in the [[Seven Years' War]], known in the United States as the [[French and Indian War]].
*[[1782]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: Franco-Spanish troops launch the unsuccessful "grand assault" during the [[Great Siege of Gibraltar]].
*[[1788]] &ndash; The [[Congress of the Confederation]] sets the date for the first presidential election in the United States, and [[New York City]] becomes the country's temporary capital.
*[[1791]] &ndash; King [[Louis XVI of France]] accepts the [[French Constitution of 1791|new constitution]].
*[[1807]] &ndash; Beethoven's [[Mass in C major (Beethoven)|Mass in C major]], [[Opus number|Op]]. 86, is premiered, commissioned by [[Nikolaus I, Prince Esterházy]], and displeasing him.<ref>{{cite AV media notes | last = Marston | first = Nicholas | url = http://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/notes/55263-B.pdf | title = Beethoven: Mass in C major, Op. 86 | publisher = [[Hyperion Records]] | type = CD | id = CDH55263 | date = 2006 | access-date = May 15, 2015}}</ref>
*[[1808]] &ndash; [[Finnish War]]: In the [[Battle of Jutas]], Swedish forces under Lieutenant General [[Georg Carl von Döbeln]] beat the [[Russian Empire|Russians]], making von Döbeln a Swedish war hero.
*[[1812]] &ndash; [[War of 1812]]: A supply wagon sent to relieve [[Siege of Fort Harrison|Fort Harrison]] is ambushed in the [[Siege of Fort Harrison#Attacks at the Narrows|Attack at the Narrows]].
*[[1814]] &ndash; In a turning point in the War of 1812, the British fail to capture [[Baltimore]]. During the battle, [[Francis Scott Key]] composes his poem "Defence of Fort McHenry", which is later set to music and becomes [[The Star-Spangled Banner|the United States' national anthem]].
*[[1843]] &ndash; The Greek Army [[3 September 1843 Revolution|rebels]] ([[Old Style and New Style dates|OS date]]: September 3) against the autocratic rule of king [[Otto of Greece]], demanding the granting of a constitution.
*[[1847]] &ndash; [[Mexican–American War]]: Six teenage military [[cadet]]s known as [[Niños Héroes]] die defending [[Chapultepec Castle]] in the [[Battle of Chapultepec]]. American troops under General [[Winfield Scott]] capture Mexico City in the Mexican–American War.
*[[1848]] &ndash; Vermont railroad worker [[Phineas Gage]] survives an iron rod {{convert|1+1/4|inch|cm}} in diameter being driven through his brain; the reported effects on his behavior and personality stimulate discussion of the nature of the brain and its functions.
*[[1862]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] soldiers find a copy of [[Robert E. Lee]]'s [[Special Order 191|battle plans]] in a field outside [[Frederick, Maryland]]. It is the prelude to the [[Battle of Antietam]].
*[[1880]] &ndash; The [[Basuto Gun War]] breaks out after the [[Basuto]] launch a rebellion against the [[Cape Colony]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Tylden |first=G.|date=1936|title=The Basutoland Rebellion of 1880-1881 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44227993  |journal= [[Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research]] |volume=15|issue=58|page=100|jstor=44227993 |issn=0037-9700}}</ref>
*[[1882]] &ndash; [[Anglo-Egyptian War]]: The [[Battle of Tel el-Kebir]] is fought.
*[[1898]] &ndash; [[Hannibal Goodwin]] patents [[celluloid]] [[photographic film]].
*[[1899]] &ndash; [[Halford Mackinder|Mackinder]], Ollier and Brocherel make the first ascent of Batian (5,199 m &ndash; 17,058&nbsp;ft), the highest peak of [[Mount Kenya]].
*[[1900]] &ndash; Filipino insurgents defeat a small American column in the [[Battle of Pulang Lupa]], during the [[Philippine–American War]].