Editing Search and rescue (section)

==Types of search and rescue==
[[Image:Gebirgstrage02 Patient Seilsicherung-2.jpg|thumb|right|Rescue rope training]]
[[File:US Navy 050525-N-1577S-060 Search and Rescue (SAR) students give the I am all right signal to let the SAR instructors know that they are ready for further instructions.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Search and Rescue students give the "I am all right" signal to let the SAR instructors know that they are ready for further instructions at the pool on board [[Naval Station San Diego]].]]

===Ground (lowland) search and rescue===
{{Main|Missing person}}

Ground search and rescue is the search for persons who are lost or in distress on land or inland waterways. People may go missing for a variety of reasons. Some may disappear voluntarily, due to issues like [[domestic abuse]]. Others disappear for involuntary reasons such as mental illness, getting lost, an accident, death in a location where they cannot be found or, less commonly, due to [[Kidnapping|abduction]]. Ground search and rescue missions that occur in urban areas should not be confused with "urban search and rescue", which in many jurisdictions refers to the location and extraction of people from collapsed buildings or other entrapments.<ref name="FEMAUSR">{{cite web|url = http://www.fema.gov/emergency/usr/|title = Urban Search and Rescue (US&R)|access-date = 11 January 2010|last = U.S. Department of Homeland Security|date=May 2009}}</ref>

In some countries, the [[police]] are the primary agency for carrying out searches for a missing person on land. Some places have voluntary search and rescue teams that can be called out to assist these searches.

Search and rescue agencies may contain small specialist teams for executing operations where there are specific environmental risks. Examples include swift water rescue, flood response, technical rope rescue, confined space rescue, over-snow rescue, and thin ice rescue.

===Mountain rescue===
{{Main|Mountain rescue}}

Mountain rescue relates to search and rescue operations specifically in rugged and mountainous terrain.

===Cave rescue===
{{Main|Cave rescue}}

Cave rescue is a highly specialised form of rescue for rescuing injured, trapped or lost [[cave]] explorers.

===Urban search and rescue===
{{Main|Urban search and rescue}}

Urban search and rescue (US&R or USAR), also referred to as Heavy Urban Search and Rescue (HUSAR), is the location and rescue of persons from collapsed buildings or other urban and industrial entrapments. Due to the specialised nature of the work, most teams are multi-disciplinary and include personnel from police, fire and emergency medical services. Unlike traditional ground search and rescue workers, most US&R responders also have basic training in structural collapse and the dangers associated with live electrical wires, broken natural gas lines and other hazards. While [[earthquake]]s have traditionally been the cause of US&R operations, [[Terrorism|terrorist attacks]] and extreme weather such as [[tornado]]es and [[hurricane]]s have also resulted in the deployment of these resources.<ref name="FEMAAboutUSR">{{cite web|url = http://www.fema.gov/emergency/usr/about.shtm|title = About US&R|access-date = 11 January 2010|last = U.S. Department of Homeland Security|date=May 2009}}</ref>

===Combat search and rescue===
{{Main|Combat search and rescue}}

Combat search and rescue (CSAR) is search and rescue operations that are carried out during war that are within or near combat zones.<ref name="ArmyTech">{{cite web|url = http://www.army-technology.com/glossary/combat-search-and-rescue.html|title = Term: Combat Search and Rescue|access-date = 3 June 2009|year = 2009|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080510152002/http://www.army-technology.com/glossary/combat-search-and-rescue.html|archive-date = 10 May 2008}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=August 2016}}

===Maritime search and rescue===
{{See also|Air-sea rescue|Maritime safety}}
[[File:Sailor swims toward a civilian in distress aboard a sailboat during a search and rescue mission near Guam. (48380723691).jpg|thumb|A [[United States Navy|US Navy]] rescue swimmer swims toward a stranded boat near [[Guam]] in 2019]]
Maritime search and rescue is carried out at sea to save sailors and passengers in distress, or the survivors of downed aircraft. The type of agency which carries out maritime search and rescue varies by country; it may variously be the [[coast guard]], [[navy]] or voluntary organisations. When a distressed or missing vessel is located, these organisations deploy helicopters, rescue vessels or any other appropriate vessel to return them to land. In some cases, the agencies may carry out an [[air-sea rescue]] (ASR). This refers to the combined use of aircraft (such as [[flying boat]]s, [[floatplane]]s, [[amphibious helicopter]]s and non-amphibious helicopters equipped with hoists) and surface vessels.<ref name=Algeo>Algeo, John. ''Fifty years among the new words: a dictionary of neologisms, 1941–1991'', pp. 39, 106–107. Cambridge University Press, 1993. {{ISBN|0-521-44971-5}}</ref> Another type of Maritime search and rescue is [[Submarine rescue]]. The [[International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue]] (SAR Convention) is the legal framework that applies to international maritime and air-sea rescue.<ref name="UNHCR">{{cite web |url=https://www.unhcr.org/487b47f12.pdf |title=Legal Brief on International Law and Rescue at Sea  |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=11 October 2022}}</ref>