Editing Seamanship (section)

==Navigation==
{{Main|Navigation}}
Navigation is the art and science of safely and efficiently directing the movements of a vessel from one point to another. Piloting uses water depth and visible references, while dead reckoning uses courses and distances from the last known position.<ref>Chapman Piloting & Seamanship, 64th edition page 48.</ref> More than just finding a vessel's present location, safe navigation includes predicting future location, route planning and collision avoidance. Nautical navigation in western nations, like [[air navigation]], is based on the [[nautical mile]]. Navigation also includes electronics such as [[GPS]] and [[Loran-C|Loran]] (Long Range Navigation). [[Celestial navigation]] involves taking sights by [[sextant]] on the planets, moon, stars, sun and using the data with a [[nautical almanac]] and sight reduction tables to determine positions. Accurate time information is also needed. After [[nautical dusk]], navigation at sea referencing the horizon is no longer possible, and after [[Nautical Dawn|nautical dawn]] such navigation again becomes possible.<ref>Duttons Navigation and Piloting, U.S. Naval Institute</ref> [[Ice navigation]]  involves navigating and operating a ship within [[sea ice]] conditions.<ref>{{cite book |publisher=[[Witherby Publishing Group]] |date=2010 |title=The Ice Navigation Manual|edition=1st |url=http://www.witherbyseamanship.com/the-ice-navigation-manual.html |access-date=July 26, 2017}}</ref>

Along with general navigation, seamanship involves being able to respond to weather at sea.<ref name="21stCenturyi">{{cite book |date=2015 |title=21st Century Seamanship |location=Edinburgh |publisher=[[Witherby Publishing Group]] |page=513-526 |isbn=9781856096324}}</ref> For example, the onset of heavy or rough weather may require an alternative passage plan (or weather routeing) for the ship, as well as the use of an alternative heading to keep the vessel from rolling ([[Heaving to]]).<ref name="21stCenturyi"/> Additionally, heavy weather precautions onboard such as lashing furniture in the accommodation or keeping crew off the deck is considered good seamanship when navigating in heavy weather.<ref name="21stCenturyi"/>

Navigation and seamanship also involves a working knowledge of correct marine communications and the [[Global Maritime Distress and Safety System]].<ref name="Knight178">{{cite book |last=Noel |first=John V |date=1991 |title=Knight's Modern Seamanship |publisher=Wiley |page=178 |isbn=9780471289487}}</ref>

Seamanship also involves recognition of and navigation with [[Buoys]] including [[International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities|IALA maritime buoyage]] such as [[Lateral mark]]s, [[Cardinal mark]]s, [[Safe water mark]]s, [[Special mark]]s and [[Isolated danger mark]]s.<ref name="Knight617">{{cite book |last=Noel |first=John V |date=1991 |title=Knight's Modern Seamanship |publisher=Wiley |page=617-626 |isbn=9780471289487}}</ref>