Editing School (section)

==Regional terms==
The term "''school"'' varies by country, as do the names of the various levels of education within the country.

===United Kingdom and Commonwealth of Nations===
In the United Kingdom, the term ''school'' refers primarily to pre-[[university]] institutions, and these can, for the most part, be divided into [[pre-school]]s or [[nursery school]]s, [[primary school]]s (sometimes further divided into [[infant school]] and [[junior school]]), and [[secondary school]]s. Various types of secondary schools in England and Wales include [[grammar school]]s, [[comprehensive school|comprehensives]], [[secondary modern]]s, and [[Academy (England)|city academies]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Types of school |url=https://www.gov.uk/types-of-school |website=GOV.UK |access-date=14 June 2023 |language=en |archive-date=25 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325212300/https://www.gov.uk/types-of-school |url-status=live }}</ref> While they may have different names in Scotland, there is only one type of secondary school. However, they may be funded either by the state or independently funded. Scotland's school performance is monitored by [[Education Scotland]]. [[Ofsted]] reports on performance in England and [[Estyn]] reports on performance in Wales.

In the United Kingdom, most schools are publicly funded and known as [[state schools]] or maintained schools in which tuition is provided for free.<ref>{{cite web |title=What is the Difference Between State Schools & Private Schools? |url=https://www.britishcouncil.hk/en/stateschools_priavteschools#:~:text=Whilst%20independent%20schools%20are%20overseen,provide%20education%20free%20of%20charge. |website=British Council Hong Kong |access-date=14 June 2023 |archive-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620143705/https://www.britishcouncil.hk/en/stateschools_priavteschools#:~:text=Whilst%20independent%20schools%20are%20overseen,provide%20education%20free%20of%20charge. |url-status=live }}</ref> There are also private schools or [[Private schools in the United Kingdom|private schools]] that charge fees. Some of the most selective and expensive private schools are known as [[Public school (UK)|public schools]], a usage that can be confusing to speakers of [[North American English]]. In North American usage, a [[public school (government funded)|public school]] is publicly funded or run.

In much of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]], including Australia, New Zealand, India, [[Pakistan]], Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Kenya, and Tanzania, the term ''school'' refers primarily to pre-university institutions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Education |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-work/education |website=Commonwealth |access-date=14 June 2023 |language=en |archive-date=28 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428124533/https://thecommonwealth.org/our-work/education |url-status=live }}</ref>

===India===
[[File:Loyola School.jpg|thumb|[[Loyola School, Chennai]], India&nbsp;– run by the [[Catholic Diocese of Madras]]. Christian missionaries played a pivotal role in establishing modern schools in India.]]

In ancient India, schools were in the form of [[Gurukul]]s. Gurukuls were traditional [[Hindu]] residential learning schools, typically the teacher's house or a monastery. Schools today are commonly known by the Sanskrit terms ''Vidyashram'', ''Vidyalayam'', ''Vidya'' ''Mandir'', ''Vidya Bhavan'' in India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=School Meaning Sanskrit Arth Translate Kya Matlab|url=https://www.bsarkari.com/school/meaning-sanskrit|access-date=2022-02-20|website=www.bsarkari.com|archive-date=20 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220194512/https://www.bsarkari.com/school/meaning-sanskrit|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Dravidian languages|southern]] languages, it is known as ''[[Pallikoodam]]'' or ''PaadaSaalai''. During the Mughal rule, [[Madrasah]]s were introduced in India to educate the children of Muslim parents. British records show that indigenous education was widespread in the 18th century, with a school for every temple, mosque, or village in most regions. The subjects taught included Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Theology, Law, Astronomy, Metaphysics, Ethics, Medical Science, and Religion.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-13|title=Vidyalaya, Vidyālaya, Vidya-alaya: 7 definitions|url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vidyalaya|access-date=2022-02-20|website=www.wisdomlib.org|language=en|archive-date=20 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220194503/https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/vidyalaya|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Perumacheri AUP School.JPG|left|thumb|A school building in [[Kannur]], India]]
Under British rule, Christian missionaries from England, the United States, and other countries established missionary and boarding schools in India.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jolad |first1=Shivakumar |title=Missionaries and expansion of mass western education in India 1700–1813 |url=https://medium.com/education-policy-flame/missionaries-and-expansion-of-mass-western-education-in-india-1700-1813-fa6d698c355b |website=Medium |access-date=14 June 2023 |language=en |date=2 February 2020 |archive-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620142157/https://medium.com/education-policy-flame/missionaries-and-expansion-of-mass-western-education-in-india-1700-1813-fa6d698c355b |url-status=live }}</ref> Later as these schools gained popularity, more were started, and some gained prestige. These schools marked the beginning of modern schooling in India. The syllabus and calendar they followed became the benchmark for schools in modern India. Today most schools follow the [[missionary school]] model for tutoring, subject/syllabus, and governance, with minor changes.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bellenoit |first1=Hayden J. A. |title=Missionary Education, Religion and Knowledge in India, c. 1880-1915 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |date=2007 |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=369–394 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X05002143 |jstor=4132356 |s2cid=145084555 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4132356 |access-date=14 June 2023 |issn=0026-749X |archive-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620152648/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4132356 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Schools in India range from large campuses with thousands of students and hefty fees to schools where children are taught under a tree with a small / no campus and are free of cost. There are various boards of schools in India, namely [[Central Board for Secondary Education]] (CBSE), Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), Madrasa Boards of various states, Matriculation Boards of various states, State Boards of various boards, Anglo Indian Board, among others. Today's typical syllabus includes language(s), mathematics, science&nbsp;– physics, chemistry, biology, geography, history, general knowledge, and information technology/computer science. Extracurricular activities include physical education/sports and cultural activities like music, choreography, painting, and theatre/drama.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Education System in India - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation |url=https://www.gnu.org/education/edu-system-india.en.html#:~:text=The%20school%20system%20in%20India,and%20higher%20secondary%20into%20two. |website=GNU Operating System |access-date=14 June 2023 |archive-date=31 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531132333/https://www.gnu.org/education/edu-system-india.en.html#:~:text=The%20school%20system%20in%20India,and%20higher%20secondary%20into%20two. |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Europe===
[[File:1887 Bettannier Der Schwarze Fleck anagoria.jpg|thumb|[[Albert Bettannier]]'s 1887 painting ''La Tache noire'' depicts a child being taught about the "lost" province of [[Alsace-Lorraine]] in the aftermath of the [[Franco-Prussian War]] – an example of how European schools were often used in order to inoculate [[Nationalism]] in their pupils.]]
In much of continental Europe, the term ''school'' usually applies to [[primary education]], with primary schools that last between four and nine years, depending on the country. It also applies to [[secondary education]], with secondary schools often divided between ''[[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasiums]]'' and [[vocational school]]s, which again, depending on country and type of school, educate students for between three and six years. In Germany, students graduating from Grundschule are not allowed to progress into a vocational school directly. Instead, they are supposed to proceed to one of Germany's general education schools such as [[Gesamtschule]], [[Hauptschule]], [[Realschule]] or [[Gymnasium (Germany)|Gymnasium]].<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=School system & compulsory education |url=https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/living-in-germany/family-life/school-system#:~:text=Germany%27s%20school%20system,international%20schools%20which%20charge%20fees. |website=Make it in Germany |access-date=14 June 2023 |archive-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620142200/https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/living-in-germany/family-life/school-system#:~:text=Germany%27s%20school%20system,international%20schools%20which%20charge%20fees. |url-status=live }}</ref> When they leave that school, which usually happens at age 15–19, they may proceed to a vocational school. The term school is rarely used for [[tertiary education]], except for some ''upper'' or ''high'' schools (German: Hochschule), which describe colleges and universities.<ref name="auto"/>

In [[Eastern Europe]] modern schools (after [[World War II]]), of both primary and secondary educations, often are combined. In contrast, secondary education might be split into accomplished or not. The schools are classified as middle schools of general education. For the technical purposes, they include "degrees" of the education they provide out of three available: the first&nbsp;– primary, the second&nbsp;– unaccomplished secondary, and the third&nbsp;– accomplished secondary. Usually, the first two degrees of education (eight years) are always included. In contrast, the last one (two years) permits the students to pursue [[vocational education|vocational]] or specialized educations.

===North America and the United States===
[[File:Farm Security Administration school in Alabama USA 1935.gif|thumb|One-room school in 1935, [[Alabama]]]]In North America, the term ''school'' can refer to any educational institution at any level and covers all of the following: [[preschool]] (for [[toddler]]s), [[kindergarten]], [[elementary school]], [[middle school]] (also called intermediate school or junior high school, depending on specific age groups and geographic region), high school (or in some cases senior high school), college, university, and [[graduate school]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The US Higher Education System Explained |url=https://shorelight.com/student-stories/the-us-higher-education-system-explained/ |website=Shorelight |access-date=14 June 2023 |archive-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620142158/https://shorelight.com/student-stories/the-us-higher-education-system-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the United States, school performance through high school is monitored by each state's [[State education agency|department of education]]. [[Charter school]]s are publicly funded elementary or secondary schools that have been freed from some of the rules, regulations, and statutes that apply to other public schools. The terms [[grammar school]] and ''grade school'' are sometimes used to refer to a primary school due to British colonial legacies.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elementary, Grammar, and Secondary Schools {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/elementary-grammar-and-secondary-schools |website=www.encyclopedia.com |access-date=14 June 2023 |archive-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620142157/https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/elementary-grammar-and-secondary-schools |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, there are tax-funded [[magnet school]]s which offer different programs and instruction not available in traditional schools.

===Africa===
In West Africa, "school" can also refer to "bush" schools, Quranic schools, or apprenticeships. These schools include formal and informal learning.

Bush schools are training camps that pass down cultural skills, traditions, and knowledge to their students. Bush schools are semi-similar to traditional western schools because they are separated from the larger community. These schools are located in forests outside of the towns and villages, and the space used is solely for these schools. Once the students have arrived in the forest, they cannot leave until their training is complete. Visitors are prohibited from these areas.<ref name=":2">{{cite journal|last1=Watkins Hanna|first1=Mark|title=The West African "Bush" School|journal=American Journal of Sociology|date=May 1943|volume=48|issue=6|pages=666–675|doi=10.1086/219263|s2cid=144208852}}</ref>
Instead of being separated by age, Bush schools are separated by gender. Women and girls cannot enter the boys' bush school territory and vice versa. Boys receive training in cultural crafts, fighting, hunting, and community laws among other subjects.<ref name=":2" /> Girls are trained in their own version of the boys' bush school. They practice domestic affairs such as cooking, childcare, and being a good wife. Their training is focused on how to be a proper woman by societal standards.[[File:Serrekundamadrassa.JPG|thumb|A ''[[madrasah]]'' in the Gambia|left]]Qur'anic schools are the principal way of teaching the Quran and knowledge of the Islamic faith. These schools also fostered literacy and writing during the time of colonization. Today, the emphasis is on the different levels of reading, memorizing, and reciting the Quran. Attending a Qur'anic school is how children become recognized members of the Islamic faith. Children often attend state schools and a Qur'anic school.

In Mozambique, specifically, there are two kinds of Qur'anic schools. They are the tariqa based and the Wahhabi-based schools. What makes these schools different is who controls them. Tariqa schools are controlled at the local level. In contrast, the Wahhabi are controlled by the Islamic Council.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bonate|first1=Liazat|title=Islamic Education in Africa|date=2016|publisher=Indiana University Press}}</ref> Within the Qur'anic school system, there are levels of education. They range from a basic level of understanding, called chuo and kioni in local languages, to the most advanced, which is called ilimu.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bonate|first1=Lizzat|title=Islamic Education in Africa|date=2016|publisher=Indiana University Press}}{{ISBN?}}</ref>

In Nigeria, the term ''school'' broadly covers [[Child care|daycares]], [[Preschool|nursery schools]], [[primary school]]s, [[secondary school]]s and [[Tertiary education|tertiary institutions]]. Primary and secondary schools are either privately funded by religious institutions and corporate organisations or government-funded. Government-funded schools are commonly referred to as public schools. Students spend six years in primary school, three years in junior secondary school, and three years in senior secondary school. The first nine years of formal schooling is compulsory under the Universal Basic Education Program (UBEC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ubec.gov.ng/about/who-we-are/|title=Universal Basic Education Commission {{!}} Home|website=www.ubec.gov.ng|access-date=2019-12-17|archive-date=17 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217011131/https://www.ubec.gov.ng/about/who-we-are/|url-status=live}}</ref> Tertiary institutions include public and private universities, polytechnics, and colleges of education. Universities can be funded by the federal government, state governments, religious institutions, or individuals and organisations.