Editing Schadenfreude (section)

== Synonyms ==
''Schadenfreude'' has equivalents in many other languages (such as: in [[Dutch language|Dutch]] {{lang|nl|leedvermaak}}, [[Swedes|Swedish]] {{lang|sv|skadeglädje}}, [[Danish language|Danish]] {{lang|da|skadefro}}, [[Czech language|Czech]] {{lang|cs|škodolibost}} and [[Slovak language|Slovak]] {{lang|sk|škodoradosť}}) but no commonly-used precise English single-word equivalent. There are other ways to express the concept in English.

''Epicaricacy'' is a seldom-used direct equivalent,<ref>{{cite book |last=Byrne |first=Josefa H. |year=1984 |title=Mrs. Byrne's Dictionary of Unusual, Obscure, and Preposterous Words |publisher=Pocket |isbn=978-0-671-49782-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/mrsbyrnesdiction00jos_l0h }}</ref> borrowed from [[Greek language|Greek]] ''epichairekakia'' (ἐπιχαιρεκακία, first attested in [[Aristotle]]<ref>Liddell-Scott-Jones, ''[[A Greek–English Lexicon]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3De)pixairekaki%2Fa ''s.v.''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006174347/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3De)pixairekaki%2Fa |date=October 6, 2016}}</ref>) from ἐπί ''epi'' 'upon', χαρά ''chara'' 'joy', and κακόν ''kakon'' 'evil'.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bailey |first=Nathan |year=1737 |title=Universal Etymological English Dictionary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VuYIAAAAQAAJ&q=Nathan+Bailey&pg=PT286 |location=London |access-date=2016-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Bailey |first=Nathan |year=1751 |title=Dictionarium Britannicum |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Shipley |first=Joseph T. |year=1955 |title=Dictionary of Early English |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofearl0000ship |url-access=registration |publisher=Philosophical Library |isbn=978-0-8065-2926-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Novobatzky |first=Peter |author2=Shea, Ammon |year=1955 |title=Depraved and Insulting English |publisher=Harvest Books |isbn=978-0-15-601149-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780156011495 }}</ref>

[[Tall poppy syndrome]] is a cultural<ref name=Peeters2004>{{cite journal |last1=Peeters |first1=Bert |title=Tall poppies and egalitarianism in Australian discourse: From key word to cultural value |journal=English World-Wide |date=2004 |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=1–25 |doi=10.1075/eww.25.1.02pee }}</ref> phenomenon where people of high status are resented, attacked, cut down, or criticized because they have been classified as better than their peers. This is similar to "begrudgery", the resentment or envy of the success of a peer. If someone were to feel joy by the victim's fall from grace, they would be experiencing schadenfreude.

''Roman holiday'' is a metaphor from [[George Gordon, Lord Byron|Byron's]] poem ''[[Childe Harold's Pilgrimage]]'', where a [[gladiator]] in [[ancient Rome]] expects to be "butchered to make a Roman holiday" while the audience would take pleasure from watching his suffering. The term suggests debauchery and disorder in addition to sadistic enjoyment.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Roman%20holiday |title=Roman holiday – Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=2007-04-25 |access-date=2010-03-23}}</ref>

Morose delectation ({{langx|la|delectatio morosa}}), meaning "the habit of dwelling with enjoyment on evil thoughts",<ref>[http://web.mit.edu/adorai/oed/morose definition of morose delectation] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414034751/http://web.mit.edu/adorai/oed/morose |date=April 14, 2016}}, ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]''</ref> was considered by the medieval church to be a sin.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/summa/2074.htm#6 ''Prima Secundae Partis, Q. 74''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702011344/http://www.newadvent.org/summa/2074.htm#6 |date=July 2, 2016}}, ''The [[Summa Theologica]] of St. [[Thomas Aquinas]]'', Second and Revised Edition, 1920; Literally translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province, Online Edition Copyright © 2006 by Kevin Knight.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=RPUuyWtO3eoC&dq=%22morose+delectation%22&pg=PA139 ''Chapter 6 Proposing the Story of the World''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827225210/https://books.google.com/books?id=RPUuyWtO3eoC&pg=PA139&lpg=PA139&dq=%22morose+delectation%22&source=web&ots=QpmslAISN-&sig=nL01zLP7iH1kR44-MBqhOGJilsc#PPA139,M1 |date=August 27, 2016}}, Richard John Neuhaus, Catholic Matters: Confusion, Controversy, and the Splendor of Truth, Basic Books, 2006.</ref> [[France|French]] writer [[Pierre Klossowski]] maintained that the appeal of [[Sadomasochism|sadism]] is morose delectation.<ref>[http://www.minerva.mic.ul.ie//vol10/Religion.html ''Heterodox Religion and Post-Atheism: Bataille / Klossowski/ Foucault''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426064629/http://www.minerva.mic.ul.ie/ |date=April 26, 2016}}, Jones Irwin, ISSN 1393-614X Minerva – An Internet Journal of Philosophy Vol. 10 2006.</ref><ref>[[Pierre Klossowski|Klossowski, Pierre]]. 1991. ''Sade, My Neighbour'', translated by Alphonso Lingis. [[Illinois]]. [[Northwestern University Press]].</ref>

"Gloating" is an English word of similar meaning, where "[[gloat]]" means "to observe or think about something with triumphant and often malicious satisfaction, gratification, or delight" (e.g., to gloat over an enemy's misfortune).<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Gloat}} {{Cite web |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gloat |title=Gloat &#124; Definition of Gloat by Merriam-Webster |access-date=March 27, 2011 |archive-date=August 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827125609/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gloat |url-status=bot: unknown }}.</ref> Gloating is different from schadenfreude in that it does not necessarily require malice (one may gloat to a friend without ill intent about having defeated him in a game), and that it describes an action rather than a state of mind (one typically gloats to the subject of the misfortune or to a third party). Also, unlike schadenfreude, where the focus is on another's misfortune, gloating often brings to mind inappropriately celebrating or bragging about one's own good fortune without any particular focus on the misfortune of others.