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===American ''Sansei''=== {{main|Japanese Americans}} Most American ''Sansei'' were born during the [[Baby Boom]] after the end of [[World War II]]; older ''Sansei'', who were living in the western United States during the war, were forcibly incarcerated with their parents (''Nisei'') and grandparents (''[[Issei]]'') after [[Executive Order 9066]] was promulgated to exclude everyone of Japanese descent from the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] and from [[Southern Arizona]]. The ''Sansei'' were forceful activists in the [[Japanese American redress and court cases|redress movement]] of the 1980s, which resulted in an [[Civil Liberties Act of 1988|official apology]] to the internees.<ref>Sowell, Thomas. (1981). [https://books.google.com/books?id=m60q57zoReUC&dq=sansei&pg=PA176 ''Ethnic America: A History,'' p. 176.]</ref> In some senses, the ''Sansei'' seem to feel they are caught in a dilemma between their "quiet" Nisei parents and their other identity model of "verbal" and outspoken Americans.<ref>Miyoshi, Nobu. (1978). [http://www.momomedia.com/CLPEF/sansei/identity.htm "Identity Crisis of the Sansei and the Concentration Camp,"] Sansei Legacy Project (NIMH Grant No. 1 R13 MH25655-01); retrieved 2011-05-17</ref> In the United States, an iconic ''Sansei'' is General [[Eric Shinseki]] (born November 28, 1942, 34th [[Chief of Staff of the United States Army]] (1999β2003) and former [[United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs]]. He is the first [[Asian American]] in U.S. history to be a [[four-star general]], and the first to lead one of the four U.S. military services.<ref>Zweigenhaft, Richard L. ''et al.'' (2006). {{Google books|0V0gO8tArK8C|''Diversity in the Power Elite: How it Happened, why it Matters,'' pp. 191-192|page=191}}; US Army, Center of Military History, [https://web.archive.org/web/20080109055503/http://www.history.army.mil/books/cg%26csa/Shinseki.htm Eric Ken Shinksei]; retrieved 2011-05-17</ref>
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