Editing Sandra Faber (section)

==Career and research==
In 1972, Faber joined the faculty of the [[Lick Observatory]] at [[University of California, Santa Cruz]], becoming the first woman on staff.<ref name=":2" /> In 1976, Faber observed the relationship between the brightness and spectra of galaxies and the orbital speeds and motions of the stars within them. The law that resulted would become known as the [[Faber–Jackson relation]], after herself and the co-author, graduate student [[Robert Jackson (scientist)|Robert Jackson]].<ref name="Gruber"/><ref name="Lemonick"/>

Three years later, Faber and collaborator [[John Gallagher III|John S. Gallagher]] published a paper collecting all of the evidence for the existence of [[dark matter]] that had been published at that point. In 1983, she published original research showing that dark matter was not composed of fast-moving [[neutrino]]s ("hot dark matter") and that instead, it was likely composed of slow-moving particles yet to be discovered ("cold dark matter").<ref name="Gruber">{{Cite web|url=https://aas.org/posts/news/2017/05/sandra-faber-receives-500000-gruber-cosmology-prize|title=Sandra Faber Receives $500,000 Gruber Cosmology Prize {{!}} American Astronomical Society|website=aas.org|language=en|access-date=2017-07-08}}</ref><ref name="Lemonick"/>

Around 1984, Faber collaborated with [[Joel Primack]], [[George Blumenthal (astrophysicist)|George Blumenthal]], and [[Martin Rees]] to elucidate their theory of how dark matter was part of [[galaxy formation and evolution]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Blumenthal|display-authors=etal|title=Formation of galaxies and large-scale structure with cold dark matter|journal=Nature|date=11 Oct 1984|volume=311|issue=5986|pages=517–525|doi=10.1038/311517a0|bibcode = 1984Natur.311..517B |osti=1447148|s2cid=4324282}}</ref> This was the first proposal of how galaxies have formed and evolved from the [[Big Bang]] to today. While some details have been proven wrong, the paper still stands as the current working paradigm for structure information in the universe. She and her collaborators discovered high-speed galaxy flows.<ref name=":2" />

In 1985, Faber was involved with the construction of the [[W. M. Keck Observatory|Keck Telescope]] and building the first wide-field planetary camera for the [[Hubble Space Telescope]].  [[UC Berkeley]] physicist [[Jerry Nelson (astronomer)|Jerry Nelson]] designed the Keck telescope, but Faber helped to sell the idea of large optical telescopes all over the world.  The Keck telescope is the second largest optical telescope in the world, with a 10-meter primary mirror of a novel type that consists of 36 hexagonal segments.
Sandra Faber co-chaired the Science Steering Committee, which oversaw the first-light instrument for Keck I.  She also continued to insist on high optical quality for the primary mirror of the Keck I, and went on to work on the Keck II as well.<ref name="Hamilton">{{cite news |last1=Hamilton |first1=Marianne L. |title=Los Gatos and Saratoga: Sandra Faber has helped to build and use some of the world's largest telescopes |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2015/04/01/los-gatos-and-saratoga-sandra-faber-has-helped-to-build-and-use-some-of-the-worlds-largest-telescopes/ |access-date=6 August 2021 |work=The Mercury News |date=April 1, 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Sandra Faber 1988.jpg|thumb|Faber in 1988]]
During the later 1980s, Faber got involved in an eight-year project called the "[[Seven Samurai (disambiguation)|Seven Samurai]]" collaboration, which attempted to catalogue the size and orbital speeds of 400 galaxies. Though this goal was not met, the group developed a way to estimate the distance to any galaxy, which became one of the most reliable ways to measure the total density of the universe.<ref name="Lemonick">{{cite book |last1=Lemonick |first1=Michael D. |title=The light at the edge of the universe : leading cosmologists on the brink of a scientific revolution |date=1993 |publisher=Villard Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0679413042 |edition=1st |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/lightatedgeofuni00lemo }}</ref>{{rp|23,69}}

In 1990, she assisted with the on-orbit commissioning of the wide field planetary camera for the Hubble Space Telescope.  She says this was one of the most exhilarating and well-known phases of her career.  The optics of the Hubble were flawed, and Faber and her team helped to diagnose the cause as [[spherical aberration]].<ref name="Autobiography">Faber, S. (1995, July 12). Autobiographical Sketch: Sandra M Faber. Retrieved November 14, 2015, from http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/articles/faber.htm</ref> In 1995, Faber was appointed University Professor at UCSC.<ref name=":2" />

Faber was also the principal investigator of the [[Nuker Team]], which used the Hubble Space Telescope to search for [[supermassive black holes]] at the centers of galaxies.<ref name=":2"/>  One of her most recent works include the addition of a new optical spectrograph for the Keck II telescope, which saw its first light in 1996.  The new addition would increase the Keck II's power for observing far-away galaxies by 13-fold.  She has also joined up with other scientists to create the CANDELS project, which is the largest survey of the universe taken by the Hubble Telescope.<ref>{{cite press release |id={{ProQuest|848222994}} |title=Sandra Faber Honored By American Astronomical Society |publisher=University of California at Santa Cruz |date=18 January 2011 |url=https://news.ucsc.edu/2011/01/faber-russell.html }}</ref>

At UCSC she focuses her research on the evolution of structure in the universe and the evolution and formation of galaxies. In addition to this, she led the development of the DEIMOS instrument on the [[W. M. Keck Observatory|Keck telescopes]] to obtain spectra of cosmologically distant galaxies. On August 1, 2012 she became the Interim Director of the [[University of California Observatories]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://news.ucsc.edu/2009/02/2739.html|title=Astronomer Sandra Faber to receive Franklin Institute's prestigious Bower Award|last1=Stephens|first1=Tim|website=UC Santa Cruz News|access-date=2017-07-08}}</ref>

Sandra Faber was a co-editor of the ''[[Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics]]'' with [[Ewine van Dishoeck]] from 2012 to 2021.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=van Dishoeck |first1=Ewine F. |last2=Kennicutt |first2=Robert C. |title=Introduction |journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics |date=18 August 2020 |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=v–vii |doi=10.1146/annurev-aa-58-081420-100001 |bibcode=2020ARA&A..58....0V |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=CO-EDITORS OF THE ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS - VOLUME 50, 2012 |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/db/directory?2012,astro |website=Annual Reviews |access-date=28 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=CO-EDITORS OF THE ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS - VOLUME 59, 2021 |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/db/directory?2021,astro |website=Annual Reviews |access-date=28 July 2021}}</ref> She serves on the Board of Directors of [[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Reviews Board of Directors |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/about/our-team |website=Annual Reviews}}</ref>