Editing San Marino (section)

== Geography ==
{{Main|Geography of San Marino}}
[[File:View of Mount Titano - San Marino.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|The fortress of [[Guaita]] on Monte Titano, a UNESCO recognized World Heritage Site.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1245/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref>]]
San Marino is an [[Enclave and exclave|enclave]] surrounded by [[Italy]] in [[Southern Europe]], almost entirely bordered by the [[province of Rimini]] in the [[Emilia Romagna]] [[Regions of Italy|region]]. Only a stretch of about three kilometres in the south is bordered by the [[province of Pesaro and Urbino]] in the [[Marche]] region. Located approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|0|spell=on|abbr=off}} from the [[Adriatic coast]] near Rimini, San Marino features hilly terrain with little naturally flat ground, as part of the [[Apennine Mountains|Apennine]] mountain range. The highest point in the country, the summit of [[Monte Titano]], reaches {{convert|749|m|ft|abbr=on}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]], while the lowest point, the [[Ausa (river)|Ausa]] River (which flows into the [[Marecchia]]),<ref>{{cite web |title=Parco Ausa |url=https://www.ecomuseorimini.it/parco-ausa/ |access-date=14 March 2022 |publisher=Ecomuseo Rimini |quote=Nel corso della metà del secolo scorso "l'Ausa, che si stava trasformando sempre di più in una fogna", è stato deviato e fatto confluire nelle acque del Marecchia per mezzo di sponde cementificate che, dai pressi del casello autostradale di Rimini Sud, costeggiano la collina di Covignano. A partire dagli anni sessanta il vecchio corso che sfociava in mare all'altezza di Piazzale Kennedy, venne tombificato. |trans-quote=During the middle of the last century, "the Ausa, which was increasingly turning into a sewer", was diverted and made to flow into the waters of the Marecchia by means of cemented banks which, near the Rimini Sud motorway exit, skirt the Covignano hill. Starting from the sixties, the old course that flowed into the sea at Piazzale Kennedy was buried.}}</ref> is at {{convert|55|m|ft|abbr=on}}. San Marino has no significant still or contained [[Body of water|bodies of water]].

It is one of only three countries in the world to be completely surrounded by one other country. The other two are [[Vatican City]], also surrounded by Italy, and [[Lesotho]], surrounded by South Africa. It is the third smallest country in Europe, after Vatican City and [[Monaco]], and the fifth-smallest country in the world.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=San Marino|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/italy/emilia-romagna-and-san-marino/san-marino|website=Lonely Planet|access-date=18 November 2016}}</ref>

The terrestrial ecoregion of [[Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests]] lies within San Marino's territory.<ref name="DinersteinOlson2017">{{cite journal|last1=Dinerstein|first1=Eric|last2=Olson|first2=David|last3=Joshi|first3=Anup|last4=Vynne|first4=Carly|last5=Burgess|first5=Neil D.|last6=Wikramanayake|first6=Eric|last7=Hahn|first7=Nathan|last8=Palminteri|first8=Suzanne|last9=Hedao|first9=Prashant|last10=Noss|first10=Reed|last11=Hansen|first11=Matt|last12=Locke|first12=Harvey|last13=Ellis|first13=Erle C.|last14=Jones|first14=Benjamin|last15=Barber|first15=Charles Victor|last16=Hayes|first16=Randy|last17=Kormos|first17=Cyril|last18=Martin|first18=Vance|last19=Crist|first19=Eileen|last20=Sechrest|first20=Wes|last21=Price|first21=Lori|last22=Baillie|first22=Jonathan E. M.|last23=Weeden|first23=Don|last24=Suckling|first24=Kierán|last25=Davis|first25=Crystal|last26=Sizer|first26=Nigel|last27=Moore|first27=Rebecca|last28=Thau|first28=David|last29=Birch|first29=Tanya|last30=Potapov|first30=Peter|last31=Turubanova|first31=Svetlana|last32=Tyukavina|first32=Alexandra|last33=de Souza|first33=Nadia|last34=Pintea|first34=Lilian|last35=Brito|first35=José C.|last36=Llewellyn|first36=Othman A.|last37=Miller|first37=Anthony G.|last38=Patzelt|first38=Annette|last39=Ghazanfar|first39=Shahina A.|last40=Timberlake|first40=Jonathan|last41=Klöser|first41=Heinz|last42=Shennan-Farpón|first42=Yara|last43=Kindt|first43=Roeland|last44=Lillesø|first44=Jens-Peter Barnekow|last45=van Breugel|first45=Paulo|last46=Graudal|first46=Lars|last47=Voge|first47=Maianna|last48=Al-Shammari|first48=Khalaf F.|last49=Saleem|first49=Muhammad|display-authors=1|title=An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm|journal=BioScience|volume=67|issue=6|year=2017|pages=534–545|issn=0006-3568|doi=10.1093/biosci/bix014|pmid=28608869|pmc=5451287|doi-access=free}}</ref> The country had a 2019 [[Forest Landscape Integrity Index]] mean score of 0.01/10, ranking it last globally out of 172 countries.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal|last1=Grantham|first1=H. S.|last2=Duncan|first2=A.|last3=Evans|first3=T. D.|last4=Jones|first4=K. R.|last5=Beyer|first5=H. L.|last6=Schuster|first6=R.|last7=Walston|first7=J.|last8=Ray|first8=J. C.|last9=Robinson|first9=J. G.|last10=Callow|first10=M.|last11=Clements|first11=T.|last12=Costa|first12=H. M.|last13=DeGemmis|first13=A.|last14=Elsen|first14=P. R.|last15=Ervin|first15=J.|last16=Franco|first16=P.|last17=Goldman|first17=E.|last18=Goetz|first18=S.|last19=Hansen|first19=A.|last20=Hofsvang|first20=E.|last21=Jantz|first21=P.|last22=Jupiter|first22=S.|last23=Kang|first23=A.|last24=Langhammer|first24=P.|last25=Laurance|first25=W. F.|last26=Lieberman|first26=S.|last27=Linkie|first27=M.|last28=Malhi|first28=Y.|last29=Maxwell|first29=S.|last30=Mendez|first30=M.|last31=Mittermeier|first31=R.|last32=Murray|first32=N. J.|last33=Possingham|first33=H.|last34=Radachowsky|first34=J.|last35=Saatchi|first35=S.|last36=Samper|first36=C.|last37=Silverman|first37=J.|last38=Shapiro|first38=A.|last39=Strassburg|first39=B.|last40=Stevens|first40=T.|last41=Stokes|first41=E.|last42=Taylor|first42=R.|last43=Tear|first43=T.|last44=Tizard|first44=R.|last45=Venter|first45=O.|last46=Visconti|first46=P.|last47=Wang|first47=S.|last48=Watson|first48=J. E. M.|display-authors=1|title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material|journal=Nature Communications|volume=11|issue=1|year=2020|page=5978|issn=2041-1723|doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3|pmid=33293507|pmc=7723057|bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G|doi-access=free}}</ref>[[File:SanMarino2021OSM.png|thumb|Enlargeable, detailed map of San Marino|218x218px]]

=== Climate ===
San Marino has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''Cfa''), with some continental influences. It has warm to hot summers and cool winters, typical of inland areas of the central [[Italian Peninsula]]. Precipitation is scattered throughout the year with no real dry month. Snowfalls are common and heavy almost every winter, especially above {{convert|400|-|500|m|ft|abbr=in}} of elevation.

{{Weather box
|location = San Marino (2006–2023)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan high C = 6.4
|Feb high C = 7.0
|Mar high C = 10.2
|Apr high C = 15.0
|May high C = 19.6
|Jun high C = 25.0
|Jul high C = 27.4
|Aug high C = 26.1
|Sep high C = 20.6
|Oct high C = 15.6
|Nov high C = 10.8
|Dec high C = 7.4
|year high C =
|Jan mean C = 4.2
|Feb mean C = 4.7
|Mar mean C = 7.3
|Apr mean C = 11.6
|May mean C = 15.7
|Jun mean C = 20.8
|Jul mean C = 23.5
|Aug mean C = 22.5
|Sep mean C = 17.5
|Oct mean C = 13.0
|Nov mean C = 8.6
|Dec mean C = 5.2
|year mean C =
|Jan low C = 2.1
|Feb low C = 2.5
|Mar low C = 4.8
|Apr low C = 8.5
|May low C = 12.4
|Jun low C = 17.3
|Jul low C = 19.7
|Aug low C = 19.2
|Sep low C = 14.9
|Oct low C = 10.9
|Nov low C = 6.7
|Dec low C = 3.2
|year low C =
|Jan record high C = 18.9
|Feb record high C = 17.6
|Mar record high C = 21.0
|Apr record high C = 24.5
|May record high C = 31.9
|Jun record high C = 35.5
|Jul record high C = 35.1
|Aug record high C = 36.1
|Sep record high C = 30.5
|Oct record high C = 24.9
|Nov record high C = 20.4
|Dec record high C = 19.2
|year record high C =
|Jan record low C = -6.5
|Feb record low C = -10.2
|Mar record low C = -5.9
|Apr record low C = -2.3
|May record low C = 1.3
|Jun record low C = 8.8
|Jul record low C = 10.0
|Aug record low C = 10.8
|Sep record low C = 5.8
|Oct record low C = 0.9
|Nov record low C = -2.8
|Dec record low C = -7.5
|year record low C =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 50.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 63.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 64.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 59.4
|May precipitation mm = 70.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 54.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 40.4
|Aug precipitation mm = 40.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 75.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 70.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 99.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 61.4
|year precipitation mm = 749.5
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 7.2
|Feb precipitation days = 8.4
|Mar precipitation days = 8.3
|Apr precipitation days = 7.9
|May precipitation days = 8.6
|Jun precipitation days = 4.8
|Jul precipitation days = 4.3
|Aug precipitation days = 4.5
|Sep precipitation days = 6.8
|Oct precipitation days = 7.1
|Nov precipitation days = 10.2
|Dec precipitation days = 8.3
|year precipitation days = 86.3
|source 1 = Arpae Emilia-Romagna<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://simc.arpae.it/dext3r/
| title = Dext3r
| publisher = Agenzia prevenzione ambiente energia Emilia-Romagna
| accessdate = January 20, 2023
}}</ref>
}}