Editing Samael (section)

===Talmudic-Midrashic literature===
In [[Talmud]]ic and [[midrash]], Samael's role as an agent of evil is relatively marginal. However, from the fifth or sixth century onward, he becomes one of the most prominent among the demonic entities.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|257–60}} Samael has not been identified with the angel of death in the Talmud.<ref>Referenzen EVERSON, D. L. A Brief Comparison of Targumic and Midrashic Angelological Traditions. Aramaic Studies, [s. l.], v. 5, n. 1, p. 75–91, 2007. {{doi|10.1163/147783507X231930}}. Acesso em: 30 Jan. 2022.</ref>

In the [[Exodus Rabbah]], Samael is depicted as the accuser in the heavenly court and tempter to sin, while [[Michael (archangel)|Michael]] defends Israel's actions.<ref>{{Cite book |first1=Sara E. |last1=Karesh |first2=Mitchell M. |last2=Hurvitz |title=Encyclopedia of Judaism |publisher=Infobase Publishing |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-816-06982-8 |page=447}}</ref> Here, Samael is identified with [[Satan]]. While ''Satan'' describes his function as an "accuser," Samael is considered his proper name. He also fulfills the role of the Angel of Death when he comes to take the body of [[Moses]] and is called the leader of Satan.

The title of ''satan'' is also applied to him in the midrash ''[[Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer]]'', where he is the chief of the [[fallen angel]]s,<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|257–60}} and a twelve-winged [[seraph]].<ref>Dulkin, Ryan S. "The Devil Within: A Rabbinic Traditions-History of the Samael Story in 'Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer.'" ''Jewish Studies Quarterly'', vol. 21, no. 2, 2014, pp. 153–175., {{JSTOR|24751800}}. Accessed 6 Sept. 2021.</ref> According to the text, Samael opposed the creation of Adam and descended to Earth to tempt him into evil. Riding the serpent, he convinces Eve to eat the forbidden fruit.<ref name=Patai/> His role here might be similar to the [[Islam]]ic idea of [[Iblis]],<ref>{{Cite book |first=David Mevorach |last=Seidenberg |title=Kabbalah and Ecology |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-107-08133-8 |page=65}}</ref> who refused to prostrate himself before Adam because he consists of fire and Adam merely from dust.<ref>{{Cite book |first=Joseph |last=Dan |title=Gershom Scholem and the Mystical Dimension of Jewish History |publisher=NYU Press |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-814-72097-4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |first=William Irwin |last=Thompson |title=The Time Falling Bodies take to Light: Mythology, sexuality, and the origins of culture |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-312-16062-3 |page=14}}</ref> The midrash also reveals Samael fathered [[Cain]] with Eve.<ref name=Patai/>

In the [[smaller midrashim]], he is the ruler of hell. Several sources, such as ''[[Yalkut Shimoni]]'' (I, 110) describe him as the [[guardian angel]] of [[Esau]] relating him to [[Rome]], the one who [[Jacob wrestling with the angel|wrestled]] with [[Jacob]], the angel who ordered [[Abraham]] to sacrifice [[Isaac]], and a [[Tutelary deity|patron]] of [[Edom]].<ref name="Davidson" /><ref>{{Cite book |first=Howard |last=Schwartz |title=Tree of Souls: The Mythology of Judaism |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford, England|year=2006 |isbn=978-0-195-32713-7 |page=361}}</ref>