Editing Salem, Massachusetts (section)

=== English colonization ===

Colonists settled Naumkeag in 1626 when a company of fishermen<ref name="Phippen">Phippen, George D. "Old Planters of Salem" ''Hist. Coll. of the Essex Institute'' Vol. 1, 97 et seq.</ref> arrived from [[Cape Ann]] led by [[Roger Conant (Salem)|Roger Conant]]. Conant's leadership provided the stability for the settlers to survive the first two years, but [[John Endecott]] replaced him by order of the [[Massachusetts Bay Company]]. Conant stepped aside and was granted {{convert|200|acre|km2}} of land in compensation. These "New Planters" and the "Old Planters"<ref name="Phippen" /><ref>The four Old Planters are John Balch, Roger Conant, Peter Palfrey, and John Woodbury. Crawford, Mary Caroline, ''Famous families of Massachusetts''. Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1930, Chap 6</ref> agreed to cooperate because of the diplomacy of Conant and Endecott. To recognize this peaceful transition to the new government, the name of the settlement was changed to Salem, the [[Hellenization|hellenized]] name of [[Salem (Bible)|Shalem]] (שָׁלֵם), the royal city of [[Melchizedek]], which is identified with [[Jerusalem]].<ref>Richard Gildrie, ''Salem Massachusetts 1626-1683'', 4.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Salem|title=Salem|work=TheFreeDictionary.com}}</ref>

In 1628, Endecott ordered that the [[Great House (Cape Ann)|Great House]] be moved from Cape Ann, reassembling it on Washington Street north of Church Street.<ref name="JGoff">{{cite book |last1=Goff |first1=John |title=Salem's Witch House: A Touchstone to Antiquity |date=2009 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=at1-CQAAQBAJ|isbn=978-1-61423-286-5}}</ref> [[Francis Higginson]] wrote that "we found a faire house newly built for the Governor" which was remarkable for being two stories high.<ref>Felt, J.B. (1827) ''Annals of Salem'' W.&S. B. Ives</ref> A year later, the Massachusetts Bay Charter was issued creating the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] with [[Matthew Craddock]] as its governor in [[London]] and Endecott as its governor in the colony.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Craddock's letter to Endicott|last=Young |first= A.|year=1846| title=Chronicles of the First Planters of the Colony ... |publisher= C.C. Little & J. Brown |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/chroniclesoffirs00younuoft#page/128/mode/2up}}</ref> [[John Winthrop]] was elected Governor in late 1629, and arrived with the [[Winthrop Fleet]] in 1630, one of the many events that began the [[Great Migration (Puritan)|Puritan Great Migration]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greatmigration.org/new_englands_great_migration.html|title=About the Great Migration|last=FASG|first=Robert Charles Anderson|website=www.greatmigration.org|access-date=2017-10-10|archive-date=2020-09-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902152149/http://www.greatmigration.org/new_englands_great_migration.html}}</ref>

In 1639, Endecott, among others, signed the building contract for enlarging the meeting house in Town House Square for the first church in Salem. This document remains part of the town records at City Hall. He was active in the affairs of the town throughout his life. [[Samuel Skelton]] was the first pastor of the [[First Church of Salem]], which is the original Puritan church in America.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.firstchurchinsalem.org/longhistory22.html |title=Barz-Snell, Rev. Jeffrey, "A 'Short' History of the First Church in Salem," First Church in Salem, Unitarian Web Site, Retrieved 4 February, 2011  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726055958/http://www.firstchurchinsalem.org/longhistory22.html |archive-date=2011-07-26 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| editor-last=Marsh |editor-first=D. W. |title=Genealogy of the Marsh Family Outline for Five Generations |page= 1 |publisher= Press of J. R. Williams |location= Amherst, MA |year= 1886}}</ref> Endecott already had a close relationship with Skelton, having been converted by him, and Endecott considered him as his spiritual father.<ref>Upham, William Phineas, ''Papers Relating to the Rev. Samuel Skelton,'' 1875.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Harrison |first=Bruce H. |title=The Family Forest Descendants of Rev. Samuel Skelton |page= 4 |publisher=Millisecond Publishing |location=Kamuela, HI |year= 2004}}</ref>

[[Salem Harbor|Salem's harbor]] was defended by [[Fort Miller (Massachusetts)|Fort Miller]] in [[Marblehead, Massachusetts|Marblehead]] from 1632 to 1865, and by [[Fort Pickering]] on [[Winter Island]] from 1643 to 1865.<ref name=AFN1>{{cite web|title=Massachusetts – Fort Pickering|url=https://www.northamericanforts.com/East/ma.html#pickering|publisher=American Forts Network|access-date=3 June 2020}}</ref> During the 17th and 18th centuries, Salem was involved in the [[Atlantic slave trade]], surpassing [[Boston]] in terms of the town's engagement with the [[triangular trade]]. Beginning in 1701  there was a steady political and social effort in Massachusetts to end slavery and by 1770 the practice was all but eliminated, with many slaves winning their freedom.<ref>[[#dilworth2011|Dilworth, 2011]], p. 28</ref>

In 1768, [[Samuel Hall (printer)|Samuel Hall]]  established Salem's first print shop and founded ''[[The Essex Gazette]]'' Salem's first newspaper, and the third to emerge in Massachusetts.<ref>[[#thomas1874a|Thomas, 1874]], v. 1, p. 177</ref><ref>[[#buckingham1|Buckingham, 1850]], v. 1, p. 217</ref>