Editing Rutaceae (section)

===Subfamilies===
In 1896, Engler published a division of the family Rutaceae into seven subfamilies.<ref name=Engl96/> One, Rhabdodendroideae, is no longer considered to belong to the Rutaceae, being treated as the segregate family Rhabdodendraceae, containing only the genus ''[[Rhabdodendron]]''. Two monogeneric subfamilies, Dictyolomatoideae and Spathelioideae, are now included in the subfamily [[Cneoroideae]], along with genera Engler placed in other families. The remaining four Engler subfamilies were [[Aurantioideae]], [[Rutoideae]], Flindersioideae and Toddalioideae. Engler's division into subfamilies largely relied on the characteristics of the fruit, as did others used until [[Molecular phylogenetics|molecular phylogenetic]] methods were applied.<ref name=AppeBaylHeslGrop21/>

Molecular methods have shown that only Aurantioideae can be clearly differentiated from other members of the family based on fruit. They have not supported the [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscription]]s of Engler's three other main subfamilies.<ref name=AppeBaylHeslGrop21/> In 2012, Groppo et al. divided Rutaceae into only two subfamilies, retaining Cneoroideae but placing all the remaining genera in a greatly enlarged subfamily Rutoideae ''s.l.''<ref name=GropKallPiraAnto12/> A 2014 classification by Morton and Telmer also retained Engler's Aurantioideae, but split the remaining Rutoideae ''s.l.'' into a smaller Rutoideae and a much larger Amyridoideae ''s.l.'', containing most of Engler's Rutoideae.<ref name=MortTelm14/> Until 2021, molecular phylogenetic methods had only sampled between 20% and 40% of the genera of Rutaceae. A 2021 study by Appelhans et al. sampled almost 90% of the genera. The two main [[clade]]s recognized by Groppo et al. in 2012 were upheld, but Morton and Telmer's Rutoideae was [[Paraphyly|paraphyletic]] and their Amyridoideae was [[Polyphyly|polyphyletic]] and did not include the type genus. Applehans et al. divided the family into six subfamilies, shown below in the [[cladogram]] produced in their study. The large subfamily [[Zanthoxyloideae]] was shown to contain distinct clades, but the authors considered that a revised classification at the tribal level was not yet feasible at the time their paper was published.<ref name=AppeBaylHeslGrop21/>

{{clade
|label1=Rutaceae
|1={{clade
   |1=[[Cneoroideae]] (8 genera)
   |label2=Rutoideae ''s.l.''<ref name=GropKallPiraAnto12/>
   |2={{clade
      |1={{clade
         |1=[[Rutoideae]] (5 genera)
         |2={{clade
            |1=[[Amyridoideae]] (3 genera)
            |2={{clade
               |1=Haplophylloideae (1 genus, ''[[Haplophyllum (plant)|Haplophyllum]]'')
               |2=[[Aurantioideae]] (about 27 genera)
               }}
            }}
         }}
      |2=[[Zanthoxyloideae]] (about 110 genera)
      }}
   }}
}}