Editing Royal Welch Fusiliers (section)

===19th century===
[[File:Invasion of Martinique (1809) Monument, St. George's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg|thumb|Monument to Royal Welch Fusiliers who died in the [[Military history of Nova Scotia#Invasion of Martinique (1809)|Invasion of Martinique (1809)]], [[St. George's (Round) Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia]]]]
Apart from [[Egypt]] and the [[Battle of Alexandria (1801)|Battle of Alexandria]] in 1801 and the [[Invasion of Martinique (1809)|Invasion of Martinique]] in 1809 the regiment saw little action in the [[Napoleonic Wars]] until being sent to the [[Peninsular War|Peninsula]] in 1810.<ref>Cannon, p. 134</ref> Between 1811 and 1814, it fought in many of [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Wellington]]'s actions, including the battles of [[Battle of Albuera|Albuera]], [[Second Siege of Badajoz (1811)|Badajoz]], [[Battle of Salamanca|Salamanca]], [[Battle of Nivelle|Nivelle]] and [[Battle of Toulouse (1814)|Toulouse]].<ref>Cannon, pp.136–150</ref> At the [[Battle of Waterloo]] in June 1815, it was part of [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant Colonel]] [[Hugh Henry Mitchell|Hugh Mitchell]]'s 4th Brigade in the 4th Infantry Division.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.garethglovercollection.com/PrivateThomasJeremiah.htm |title=A Short Account of the Life and adventures of Private Thomas Jeremiah 23rd or Royal Welch Fusiliers 1812–37 |publisher=The Gareth Glover Collection |access-date=24 May 2014 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402070835/http://www.garethglovercollection.com/PrivateThomasJeremiah.htm |archive-date=2 April 2009 }}</ref>

In the nineteenth century, the regiment took part in the [[Crimean War]], the [[Second Opium War]], the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Mutiny]] and the [[Third Anglo-Burmese War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/illustration/third-anglo-burmese-war-royal-welsh-royalty-free-illustration/1154126750|title=The Storming of Zeedaw: Royal Welch Fusiliers lying down in position for the attack before dawn|date=7 June 2019 |publisher=Getty Images|access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>

The [[Cardwell Reforms]] of 1872 linked most infantry regiments in pairs, but because the 23rd already had two battalions it was unaffected. Cardwell also introduced 'Localisation of the Forces', which established permanent regimental depots in county towns and brigaded the regular regiments with their local [[Militia (United Kingdom)|Militia]] and [[Volunteer Force|Volunteer]] battalions.<ref>Spiers, pp. 195–6.</ref> For the 23rd, this included:<ref name = Frederick302/><ref name = List>''Army List'', various dates.</ref>
* 23rd Brigade Depot at [[Hightown Barracks]] in [[Wrexham]] from 1873<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/depot/1873.htm |title=Training Depots 1873–1881 |publisher=Regiments.org |access-date=16 October 2016 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060210172841/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/depot/1873.htm |archive-date=10 February 2006 }}</ref>
* Royal Anglesey Light Infantry – ''converted to Engineers in 1877''<ref name = FrederickMil>Frederick, pp. 162–4.</ref>
* [[Royal Flint Rifles]]<ref name = Frederick302/><ref name = FrederickMil/>
* [[Royal Denbigh and Merioneth Rifles]]<ref name = Frederick302/><ref name = FrederickMil/>
* [[Royal Carnarvon Rifles]]<ref name = Frederick302/><ref name = FrederickMil/>
* [[1st Administrative Battalion, Denbighshire Rifle Volunteers]]<ref name = Frederick302/><ref name = WestlakeDen>Westlake, ''Rifle Volunteers'', pp. 57–8.</ref><ref name = RegtsDen>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051226171148/http://regiments.org/regiments/uk/volmil-wales/vinf/rwf-4.htm 4th Bn RWF at Regiments.org.]</ref>
* [[1st Flintshire Rifle Volunteers#Volunteer Force|1st Administrative Battalion, Flintshire & Carnarvonshire Rifle Volunteers]]<ref name = Frederick302/><ref name = WestlakeCarn>Westlake, ''Rifle Volunteers'', pp. 37–8.</ref><ref name = RegtsCarn>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060117162151/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/volmil-wales/vinf/carnarvn.htm Carnarvonshire & Anglesey Volunteers at Regiments.org.]</ref><ref name = WestlakeFlint>Westlake, ''Rifle Volunteers'', pp. 89–90.</ref><ref name = RegtsFlint>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060117171929/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/volmil-wales/vinf/flint.htm Flintshire Volunteers at Regiments.org.]</ref>

The [[Childers Reforms]] of 1881 took Cardwell's reforms further. The regiments were given names rather than numbers the regiment officially became '''The Royal Welsh Fusiliers''' on 1 July 1881,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24992|pages=3300–3301|date=1 July 1881}}</ref> although "Welch" was used informally until restored in 1920 by Army Order No.56.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fortyfirst.org/the-regiment-1719-to-now.html|title=The Regiment, 1719 to Now|first=Jim |last=Yaworsky|publisher=The Forty First|access-date=31 March 2019}}</ref> The depot became the 23rd Regimental District depot, and the militia and volunteers became numbered battalions of their linked regiment (though the Royal Flint Rifles joined the [[King's Royal Rifle Corps]]<ref name = FrederickMil/><ref>Frederick, pp. 242–3.</ref>): 
* [[3rd (Royal Denbigh and Merioneth Militia) Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers|3rd (Royal Denbigh and Merioneth Militia) Battalion]] – ''3rd (Royal Denbigh and Flint Militia) Battalion from 1889''<ref name = Frederick302/><ref name = FrederickMil/>
* [[4th (Royal Carnarvon Militia) Battalion, Royal Welsh Fusiliers|4th (Royal Carnarvon Militia) Battalion]] – ''4th (Royal Carnarvon and Merioneth Militia) Battalion from 1889''<ref name = Frederick302/><ref name = FrederickMil/>
* [[1st Volunteer Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers]] – ''from 1st Denbighshire Volunteers'''<ref name = Frederick302/><ref name = WestlakeDen/><ref name = RegtsDen/>
* [[2nd Volunteer Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers]] – ''from 1st Flintshire & Carnarvon Volunteers'''<ref name = Frederick302/><ref name = WestlakeFlint/><ref name = RegtsFlint/>
* [[3rd Volunteer Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers]] – ''formed in 1897 from the Carnarvonshire companies of the 2nd VB''<ref name = Frederick302/><ref name = WestlakeCarn/><ref name = RegtsCarn/><ref name = WestlakeFlint/><ref name = RegtsFlint/>

The 1st battalion served in the 1899 to 1902 [[Second Boer War]];<ref name = WestlakeWelsh/> and returned home from South Africa on the SS ''Ortona'' in January 1903.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence - Troops returning Home|date=22 January 1903 |page=8 |issue=36984}}</ref>

The 2nd battalion was stationed at [[Hong Kong]] from 1898 to 1902, and served in the multinational force involved in the [[Boxer Rebellion]] in China in 1900.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/royal-welch-fusiliers |title=The Royal Welch Fusiliers | publisher=National Army Museum|access-date=31 March 2022}}</ref> They fought alongside the [[United States Marine Corps]] (see pages 32–33 in official USMC paper published in 1995).<ref name=usmc>{{cite web|url=https://www.usmcu.edu/Portals/218/A%20Different%20War-Marines%20in%20Europe%20and%20North%20Africa%20%20PCN%2019000312500.pdf|title=A Different War-Marines in Europe and North Africa%20 PCN 19000312500.pdf|publisher=Marine Corps Historical Center|year=1994}}</ref> They transferred to [[British Raj|India]] in October 1902, and were stationed at [[Chakrata]].<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence|date=10 October 1902 |page=9 |issue=36895}}</ref>