Editing Rosa Luxemburg (section)

==== Origins ====
[[File:Staszica 37 (Zamość).JPG|thumb|Luxemburg's birthplace in [[Zamość]], Poland]]
Róża Luksemburg, actual birth name Rozalia Luksenburg, was born on 5 March 1871 at 45 Ogrodowa Street (now 7a Kościuszko Street)<ref name="rory">{{cite web|url=https://www.praktykateoretyczna.pl/artykuly/rory-castle-you-alone-will-make-our-familys-name-famous-rosa-luxemburg-her-family-and-the-origins-of-her-polish-jewish-identity/|title=Rosa Luxemburg, Her Family and the Origins of her Polish-Jewish Identity|website=praktykateoretyczna.pl|access-date=2021-12-03|date=2013-06-16|first=Rory|last=Castle|publisher=Praktyka Teoretyczna}}</ref> in Zamość.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/l/u.htm#luxemburg|title=Glossary of People: L|website=Marxists.org|access-date=22 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.matrikel.uzh.ch/suche/search?cmd=D&theSame=13056&name=Luxemburg+Rosa|title=Matrikeledition|website=Matrikel.uzh.ch|access-date=22 February 2018|archive-date=6 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206123408/http://www.matrikel.uzh.ch/suche/search?cmd=D&theSame=13056&name=Luxemburg+Rosa|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Luxemburg family were [[History of Jews in Poland|Polish Jews]] living in the [[Congress Poland|Russian sector of Poland]]. She was the fifth and youngest child of [[Edward Luxemburg|Edward Eliasz Luxemburg]] and Lina Löwenstein. Her father Edward, like his father [[Abraham Luxemburg|Abraham]], supported the Jewish Reform movement. Luxemburg later stated that her father imparted an interest in [[liberalism|liberal]] ideas to her while her mother was religious and well-read with books kept at home.<ref name="Merrick">{{cite web|title=Rosa Luxemburg: A Socialist With a Human Face|last=Merrick|first=Beverly G.|work=Center for Digital Discourse and Culture at Virginia Tech University|url=http://www.cddc.vt.edu/feminism/Luxemburg.html|date=1998|access-date=18 May 2015|archive-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402161631/https://www.cddc.vt.edu/feminism/Luxemburg.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> As noted, the family moved to Warsaw in 1873.<ref name="nettl">J. P. Nettl, ''Rosa Luxemburg'', Oxford University Press, 1969, pp. 54–55.</ref> Polish and [[German language|German]] were spoken at home; Luxemburg also learned [[Russian language|Russian]].<ref name="Merrick"/> Although over time she became fluent in Russian and [[French language|French]], Polish remained Róża's first language with German also spoken fluently.<ref name="tych5" /><ref name="winkler" /><ref name="sprawaPL" /> Rosa was considered intelligent early on, writing letters to her family and impressing her relatives with recitals of poetry, including the Polish classic ''[[Pan Tadeusz]]''.<ref name="rory" />

Rory Castle writes: <blockquote>From her grandfather and father [Rosa] inherited the belief that she was a Pole first and a Jew second, with her emotional connection to the Polish language and culture and her passionate opposition to Tsarism being of central importance. Although her parents were religious, they did not consider themselves to be Jewish by nationality, rather 'Poles of the Mosaic persuasion'.<ref name="rory" /></blockquote> Castle also points out that more recent research into the Luxemburg family and her early years shows that <blockquote>Rosa Luxemburg gained a lot more from her family than has previously been understood by her biographers ... [not only] in terms of her education, financial support and assistance during her frequent incarcerations, but also in terms of her identity and politics. Her family was a closely knitted support network, even when its members were spread out across Europe. This solid foundation, which supported and encouraged her at every step, gave Luxemburg the intellectual and personal confidence to go out and attempt to change the world.<ref name="rory" /></blockquote> From her private correspondence it is especially clear that she remained very close with her family throughout the years, despite being separated by borders and spread out across countries.<ref name="rory" />