Editing Roman Missal (section)

===From 1570 to the 1960s===
[[File:Missale Romanum Pustet.jpg|thumb|250px|"Missale Romanum": a 1911 printing of the 1884 typical edition]]
Implementing the decision of the Council of Trent, [[Pope Pius V]] promulgated, in the Apostolic Constitution ''[[Quo primum]]'' of 14 July 1570, an edition of the Roman Missal that was mandated for obligatory use throughout the [[Latin Church]] except where there was another liturgical rite that could be proven to have been in use for at least two centuries.

Some corrections to Pope Pius V's text proved necessary, and [[Pope Clement VIII]] with his papal bull [https://www.romanitaspress.com/cum-sanctissimum ''Cum Sanctissimum''], replaced it with a new [[Editio typica|typical edition]] of the Roman Missal on 7 July 1604. (In this context, the word "typical" means that the text is the one to which all other printings must conform.) A further revised typical edition was promulgated by [[Pope Urban VIII]] on 2 September 1634 with the papal bull ''[https://www.romanitaspress.com/si-quid-est Si Quid Est]''.

Beginning in the late seventeenth century, France and neighbouring areas saw a flurry of independent missals published by bishops. Some of these were editions of manuscript missals already existing prior to 1370, but had undergone modifications that in some cases touched on the arbitrary. Later accusations of influence by [[Jansenism]] and [[Gallicanism]] were largely unfounded, as is shown by the fact that the [[Holy See]] did never condemned these books. This historical phenomenon of diocesan missals ended, however, when  [[Abbot Guéranger]] and bishops such as Bishop [[Pierre-Louis Parisis]] of Langres initiated in the nineteenth century a vigorous polemical campaign in favour of a return to the Roman Missal. By 1875 all the French dioceses were using the Roman Missal. In 1884, [[Pope Leo XIII]] promulgated a new typical edition that took account of all the changes introduced since the time of Pope Urban VIII. 

[[File:Nouveau Paroissien Romain (1905).jpg|thumb|310px|A French prayerbook of 1905 containing extracts from the Roman Missal and the Roman Breviary of the time with French translations]]
[[Pope Pius X]] with the apostolic constitution ''[https://www.romanitaspress.com/divino-afflatu Divino afflatu]'', undertook a [[Reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X|revision of the Roman Missal]], which began in 1911 and was promulgated and declared typical by his successor [[Pope Benedict XV]] on 25 July 1920. Though Pius X's revision made few corrections, omissions, and additions to the text of the prayers in the Roman Missal, there were major changes in the rubrics, changes which were not incorporated in the section entitled "''Rubricae generales''", but were instead printed as an additional section under the heading "''Additiones et variationes in rubricis Missalis.''" Among the major changes in the rubrics, included the abolition of the Psalter of Pius V.

[[Pope Pius XII]] in 1948, established a commission for liturgical reform led by [[Annibale Bugnini]], who would later become one of the chief architects of the [[Mass of Paul VI|liturgical reforms of Paul VI]]. On 9 February 1951, Pius XII published the decree ''Dominicae Resurrectionis'' which authorized, in 1951 the introduction of revised  texts for [[Easter Vigil]]. The regulations were initially deemed "ad experimentum" for one year, but in 1952 they were extended for another three years. After positive reports from the world's bishops, these changes were made universally obligatory on 16 November 1955, with the decree [https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?recnum=11136 ''Maxima Redemptionis Nostrae Mysteria''], which took effect on 25 March 1956 (Palm Sunday), which made substantial changes to [[Palm Sunday]], [[Maundy Thursday|Holy Thursday]], [[Good Friday]], and the [[Easter Vigil]]. Pius XII also removed from the Vigil of Pentecost, the series of six Old Testament readings, with their accompanying Tracts and Collects, but these continued to be printed until 1962.

Acceding to the wishes of many of the bishops, Pope Pius XII judged it expedient also to reduce the rubrics of the missal to a simpler form, a simplification enacted by a decree of the Sacred Congregation of Rites of 23 March 1955. The changes this made in the General Roman Calendar are indicated in [[General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII]].

In the following year, 1956, while preparatory studies were being conducted for a general liturgical reform, Pope Pius XII surveyed the opinions of the bishops on the liturgical improvement of the Roman breviary. After duly weighing the answers of the bishops, he judged that it was time to address the need for a general and systematic revision of the rubrics of the breviary and missal. This question he referred to the special committee of experts appointed to study the general liturgical reform.

His successor, [[Pope John XXIII]], with his apostolic letter [[Rubricarum instructum]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://sanctaliturgia.blogspot.com/2005/11/rubricarum-instructum-english.html | title=Sancta Liturgia: Rubricarum Instructum (English) | date=November 2005 }}</ref> issued a new typical edition of the [[Tridentine Mass|Roman Missal]], which would be promulgated in 1962. This incorporated the revised [[Code of Rubrics]] which Pope Pius XII's commission had prepared, and which Pope John XXIII had made obligatory with effect from 1 January 1961. In the Missal, this Code of Rubrics replaced two of the documents in the 1920 edition; and the Pope's motu proprio ''Rubricarum instructum'' took the place of the superseded [[Apostolic constitution]] ''[[Reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X|Divino afflatu]]'' of Pope Pius X.

The notable changes in the 1962 Missal, incorporated were the omission of the adjective "''perfidis''" in the [[Good Friday Prayer for the Jews]] which had been removed in 1959, and the insertion of the name of [[Saint Joseph]] into the Canon (or Eucharistic Prayer) of the Mass on 8 December 1962. Before this addition, the Canon had largely remained unaltered, since the papacy of [[Pope Gregory I|Gregory I]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://adoremus.org/2021/01/q-pope-john-xxiii-added-st-joseph-to-the-canon-eucharistic-prayer-i-of-the-mass-in-1962-several-years-ago-st-joseph-was-also-added-to-eucharistic-prayers-ii-iii-and-iv-what-was-the-reason-for/#:~:text=John%20XXIII%20mandated%20that%20St,the%20newly%20composed%20eucharistic%20prayers | title=Q: Pope John XXIII added St. Joseph to the Canon (Eucharistic Prayer I) of the Mass in 1962. Several years ago St. Joseph was also added to Eucharistic Prayers II, III, and IV. What was the reason for adding St. Joseph to these prayers? | date=16 January 2021 }}</ref>