Editing Rolf Hochhuth (section)

===''The Deputy''===
{{See also|Operation Seat 12}}
[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-P084771, Verleihung des Berliner Kunstpreises.jpg|thumb|Rolf Hochhuth (right) at the awards ceremony of the [[Berliner Kunstpreis]] 1963 (from left to right: [[Klaus Kammer]], [[Fritz Kortner]], Rolf Hochhuth)]]

Hochhuth's drama, ''[[The Deputy]]'' (1963), was originally entitled ''[[The Deputy|Der Stellvertreter. Ein christliches Trauerspiel]]'' (''The Deputy, a Christian Tragedy'', translated by [[Richard and Clara Winston]], 1964), the play caused a great deal of controversy because of its criticism of [[Pope Pius XII]]'s role in [[World War II]]. The play was subsequently published in the UK in Robert David MacDonald's translation as ''The Representative'' (1965).

Its publisher Ed Keating and journalist [[Warren Hinckle]], who themselves considered it "dramaturgically flawed," organized a committee to defend the play as a matter of free speech.<ref>Warren Hinckle, ''{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/19991002163145/http://www.ralphmag.org/lemonH.html "The Year They Tried To Block "The Deputy"]}}'' (Excerpt from ''If You Have a Lemon, Make Lemonade'', 1974), ''The Review of Arts, Literature, Philosophy and the Humanities'', Volume XIII, Number 3, Fall, 1997.</ref> In 2007, [[Ion Mihai Pacepa]], a former Romanian spymaster, alleged that the play was part of a KGB campaign to discredit Pius XII.<ref>Ion Mihai Pacepa, [http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=YTUzYmJhMGQ5Y2UxOWUzNDUyNWUwODJiOTEzYjY4NzI= ''Moscow's Assault on the Vatican''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205011340/http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=YTUzYmJhMGQ5Y2UxOWUzNDUyNWUwODJiOTEzYjY4NzI%3D |date=5 February 2007 }}, National Review Online, 25 January 2007.</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Pacepa |first1=Ion Mihai |title=Moscow's Assault on the Vatican |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2007/01/moscows-assault-vatican-ion-mihai-pacepa/ |website=National Review |access-date=10 December 2020}}</ref> A leading German newspaper opined "that Hochhuth did not require any KGB assistance for his one-sided presentation of history."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perlentaucher.de/feuilletons/2007-04-26.html|title=Heute in den Feuilletons vom 26.04.2007 - Perlentaucher}}</ref><ref>Thomas Brechenmacher, ''Hochhuths Quellen. War der 'Stellvertreter' vom KGB inspiriert?'', Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 26 April 2007 {{in lang|de}}</ref>

The unedited version of the play would have run some eight or nine hours. As a result, each production adapted the text in its own way. No audience saw it in its original form.<ref>{{cite book |last= Bigsby|first=Christopher|title=Remembering and Imagining the Holocaust: The Chain of Memory  |date=2006 |publisher=Cambridge: Cambridge University Press|page=117}}</ref> It includes the true story of [[Kurt Gerstein]]. Gerstein, a devout Protestant and later a member of the [[SS]], wrote an eyewitness report about the [[gas chambers]] and, after the war, died as a [[POW]].<ref name="Gerstein">{{cite web|url=http://www.kurt-gerstein.de|title=Kurt Gerstein}}</ref>

The play was first performed in Berlin on 20 February 1963 under the direction of [[Erwin Piscator]]. It received its first English production in London by the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] at the [[Aldwych Theatre]] in 1963 in a translation by [[Robert David MacDonald]]. It was directed by [[Clifford Williams (actor)|Clifford Williams]] with Alan Webb or [[Eric Porter]] as Pius XII, [[Alec McCowen]] as Father Fontana and [[Ian Richardson]]. In the United Kingdom it has since been revived at the [[Citizens Theatre]], Glasgow, in 1986, and at the [[Finborough Theatre]], London, in 2006.

An abridged version opened on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] on 26 February 1964 at the [[Brooks Atkinson Theatre]], with [[Emlyn Williams]] as Pius XII and [[Jeremy Brett]] as Father Fontana. The play ran for 316 performances.

''The Deputy'' was made into a film ''[[Amen. (film)|Amen]]'' by [[Costa Gavras]] in 2002, which focused more on the story of Kurt Gerstein.<ref name="Gerstein"/>