Editing Roentgenium (section)

===Official discovery===
Roentgenium was [[discovery of the chemical elements|first synthesized]] by an international team led by [[Sigurd Hofmann]] at the [[Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung]] (GSI) in [[Darmstadt]], [[Germany]], on December 8, 1994.<ref name="95Ho01">{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/BF01291182|title=The new element 111|year=1995|author=Hofmann, S.|journal=Zeitschrift für Physik A|volume=350|pages=281–282|last2=Ninov|first2=V.|last3=Heßberger|first3=F.P.|last4=Armbruster|first4=P.|last5=Folger|first5=H.|last6=Münzenberg|first6=G.|last7=Schött|first7=H. J.|last8=Popeko|first8=A. G.|last9=Yeremin|first9=A. V.|first10=A. N.|last10=Andreyev|first11=S.|last11=Saro|first12=R.|last12=Janik|first13=M.|last13=Leino|bibcode=1995ZPhyA.350..281H|issue=4|s2cid=18804192}}</ref> The team bombarded a target of [[bismuth-209]] with accelerated nuclei of [[nickel]]-64 and detected three nuclei of the [[isotope]] <sup>272</sup>111:

:{{nuclide|link=yes|Bismuth|209}} + {{nuclide|link=yes|Nickel|64}} → <sup>272</sup>111 + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|10neutron}}

This reaction had previously been conducted at the [[JINR|Joint Institute for Nuclear Research]] in [[Dubna]] (then in the [[Soviet Union]]) in 1986, but no atoms of <sup>272</sup>111 had then been observed.<ref name="93TWG">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1351/pac199365081757|title=Discovery of the transfermium elements. Part II: Introduction to discovery profiles. Part III: Discovery profiles of the transfermium elements|year=1993|author=Barber, R. C.|journal=Pure and Applied Chemistry|volume=65|pages=1757|last2=Greenwood|first2=N. N.|last3=Hrynkiewicz|first3=A. Z.|last4=Jeannin|first4=Y. P.|last5=Lefort|first5=M.|last6=Sakai|first6=M.|last7=Ulehla|first7=I.|last8=Wapstra|first8=A. P.|last9=Wilkinson|first9=D. H.
|issue=8|s2cid=195819585|doi-access=free}} (Note: for Part I see Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 63, No. 6, pp. 879–886, 1991)</ref> In 2001, the [[IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party]] (JWP) concluded that there was insufficient evidence for the discovery at that time.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://iupac.org/publications/pac/2001/pdf/7306x0959.pdf|title=On the discovery of the elements 110–112|author=Karol|journal=Pure Appl. Chem.|volume=73|issue=6|pages=959–967|date=2001|doi=10.1351/pac200173060959|last2=Nakahara|first2=H.|last3=Petley|first3=B. W.|last4=Vogt|first4=E.|s2cid=97615948|access-date=March 11, 2008|archive-date=March 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309212208/https://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2001/pdf/7306x0959.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The GSI team repeated their experiment in 2002 and detected three more atoms.<ref name="02Ho01">{{cite journal|last1=Hofmann|first1=S.|last2=Heßberger|first2=F. P.|last3=Ackermann|first3=D.|last4=Münzenberg|first4=G.|last5=Antalic|first5=S.|last6=Cagarda|first6=P.|last7=Kindler|first7=B.|last8=Kojouharova|first8=J.|last9=Leino|first9=M.|last10=Lommel|first10=B.|last11=Mann|first11=R.|last12=Popeko|first12=A. G.|last13=Reshitko|first13=S.|last14=Śaro|first14=S.|last15=Uusitalo|first15=J.|last16=Yeremin|first16=A. V.|title=New results on elements 111 and 112|date=2002|journal=European Physical Journal A|volume=14|issue=2|pages=147–157|doi=10.1140/epja/i2001-10119-x|bibcode=2002EPJA...14..147H|s2cid=8773326}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://repository.gsi.de/record/53531/files/GSI-Report-2001-1.pdf|title=New results on element 111 and 112|author=Hofmann|display-authors=etal|publisher=GSI report 2000|pages=1–2|access-date=2018-04-21|archive-date=May 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508221142/https://repository.gsi.de/record/53531/files/GSI-Report-2001-1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In their 2003 report, the JWP decided that the GSI team should be acknowledged for the discovery of this element.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/pdf/7510x1601.pdf|title=On the claims for discovery of elements 110, 111, 112, 114, 116, and 118|journal=Pure Appl. Chem.|volume=75|issue=10|pages=1601–1611|date=2003|doi=10.1351/pac200375101601|last1=Karol|first1=P. J.|last2=Nakahara|first2=H.|last3=Petley|first3=B. W.|last4=Vogt|first4=E.|s2cid=95920517|access-date=March 11, 2008|archive-date=August 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822073903/https://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/pdf/7510x1601.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Backdrop for presentation of Röntgenium, element 111, at GSI Darmstadt.JPG|thumbnail|left|Backdrop for presentation of the discovery and recognition of roentgenium at GSI Darmstadt]]