Editing Robert Estienne (section)

===Latin classics===
With his title of "royal typographer"{{sfn|Vervliet|2008|p=167}} Robert Estienne promoted the Estienne print shop by his numerous editions of grammatical works and other schoolbooks (among them many of [[Melanchthon]]'s) and of classical and Patristic authors, such as [[Dio Cassius]],<ref name="glass" /> [[Cicero]], [[Sallust]], [[Julius Caesar]], [[Junianus Justinus|Justin]], [[Socrates Scholasticus]],<ref>{{cite archival metadata |author=Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare |title= Translation of Socrates Scholasticus |url=https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/8a6dfba9-0eac-3fd0-a4fd-ec696380df7b |repository= University of Manchester Library |location=Manchester, UK}}</ref> and [[Sozomen]].<ref>{{harvnb|Armstrong|1986|p=131}}; {{harvnb|Amert|2012|pp=216–217}}</ref> During the first fifteen years of his career, Estienne focused his printing on five Latin classic authors, specifically, Cicero, Terence, Plautus, Pliny, and Virgil. He printed works from Horace and Persisus, but he printed them far less frequently.{{sfn|Amert|2012|pp=216-217}} He nearly tripled the number of authors' works he published from 1541 to 1545. Scholars suggest that Estienne's trouble with his published Bibles and the Catholic Church led him to publish more authors of Latin Classics as a buffer.{{sfn|Amert|2012|p=219}}

Many of Estienne's published classics, especially the Greek editions (which were printed with typefaces made by [[Claude Garamond]]), were famous for their typographical elegance.<ref>{{harvnb|Amert|2005|p=2}}; {{harvnb|Son|2018|p=13}}</ref> The [[editio princeps|editiones principes]] issued from Estienne's press were eight in number.{{sfn|Sandy|2002|p=77}} He began with the ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica (disambiguation)|Historia ecclesiastica]]'' (1544) and ended with [[Appian]] (1551).{{sfn|Sandy|2002|p=77}} The last was completed after Estienne's departure from Paris by his brother Charles and appeared under Charles's name.{{sfn|Armstrong|1986|p=223-227}} Estienne also printed numerous editions of Latin classics,{{sfn|Sarton|1955|p=242}} of which the folio Virgil of 1532 is the most noteworthy.{{sfn|Usher|Fernbach|2012|p=12}} He printed a large number of Latin grammars and other educational works, many of which were written by [[Mathurin Cordier]], his friend and co-worker in the cause of humanism.{{sfn|Armstrong|1986|p=102, 235}}{{sfn|Tilley|1911|p=799}} He was trained as a [[punchcutting|punchcutter]], but no font has been identified as his. Estienne did, however, oversee the work of the best punchcutters of the time such as [[Claude Garamond]] and [[Guillaume Le Bé]].{{sfn|Amert|2012|p=14}} Under Estienne, Garamond designed the Greek type used by the King of France which was used to print the first edition of ''Roman History''.<ref name="glass">{{cite web |last1=Dolbashian |first1=Diane |title=Dio Cassius' Roman History Printed by Robert Estienne in Paris, 1548 |url=https://www.cmog.org/article/dio-cassius-roman-history-paris-robert-estienne-1548 |website=Corning Museum of Glass |access-date=13 May 2019}}</ref> Consequently, Estienne was the first printer granted permission to use the ''grecs du roi'' or Greek types of the king.{{sfn|Steinberg|1996|p=53}} In the 1530s Estienne's printing represents the first use of [[apostrophe]]s and [[grave accent|grave]] and [[acute accent]]s in France.{{sfn|Steinberg|1996|p=58}} Moreover, Estienne was known as one of the printers responsible for adapting the Aldine roman type in France.{{sfn|Amert|2012|p=229}}