Editing Rift Valley fever (section)

===Virology===
{{Virusbox
| name = Rift Valley fever virus
| image = Viruses-08-00174-g001.png
| image_alt = Prototypic phlebovirus virion and genome organization
| image_caption = [[Phlebovirus]] virion and genome
| parent = Phlebovirus
| species = Phlebovirus riftense
| synonyms = * ''Rify Valley fever phlebovirus''
| synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web|title=History of the taxon: Species: ''Phlebovirus riftense'' (2024 Release, MSL #40)|url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202400163&taxon_name=Phlebovirus%20riftense|publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|access-date=19 March 2025}}</ref>
}}

The virus belongs to the ''[[Bunyaviricetes]]'' class. This is a class of enveloped negative single-stranded RNA viruses. All bunyaviruses have an outer lipid envelope with two [[glycoproteins]]—G(N) and G(C)—required for cell entry. They deliver their genome into the host-cell [[cytoplasm]] by fusing their envelope with an [[endosomal membrane]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2020}}

The virus' G(C) protein has a class II [[membrane fusion protein]] architecture similar to that found in [[flavivirus]]es and [[alphavirus]]es.<ref name=Dessau2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dessau M, Modis Y | title = Crystal structure of glycoprotein C from Rift Valley fever virus | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 110 | issue = 5 | pages = 1696–701 | date = January 2013 | pmid = 23319635 | pmc = 3562824 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1217780110 | bibcode = 2013PNAS..110.1696D | doi-access = free }}</ref> This structural similarity suggests that there may be a common origin for these viral families.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}}

The virus' 11.5 [[Kilo-base pair|kb]] tripartite [[genome]] is composed of single-stranded [[RNA]]. As a ''[[Phlebovirus]],'' it has an [[Sense (molecular biology)|ambisense]] genome. Its L and M segments are negative-sense, but its S segment is ambisense.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/252.html|title=ViralZone: Phlebovirus|website=viralzone.expasy.org|access-date=2016-09-14|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003114115/http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/252.html|archive-date=2016-10-03}}</ref> These three genome segments code for six major proteins: L protein ([[Polymerase|viral polymerase]]), the two glycoproteins G(N) and G(C), the [[Capsid|nucleocapsid]] N protein, and the [[Bunyaviridae nonstructural S proteins|nonstructural NSs]] and NSm proteins.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bird |first1=Brian H. |last2=Khristova |first2=Marina L. |last3=Rollin |first3=Pierre E. |last4=Ksiazek |first4=Thomas G. |last5=Nichol |first5=Stuart T. |date=2007-03-15 |title=Complete Genome Analysis of 33 Ecologically and Biologically Diverse Rift Valley Fever Virus Strains Reveals Widespread Virus Movement and Low Genetic Diversity due to Recent Common Ancestry |journal=Journal of Virology |language=en |volume=81 |issue=6 |pages=2805–2816 |doi=10.1128/JVI.02095-06 |issn=0022-538X |pmc=1865992 |pmid=17192303}}</ref>