Editing Richard I of England (section)

===Revolt against Henry II===
{{Main|Revolt of 1173–74}}
According to [[Ralph of Coggeshall]], Henry the Young King instigated a rebellion against Henry II; he wanted to reign independently over at least part of the territory his father had promised him, and to break away from his dependence on Henry II, who controlled the purse strings.<ref>{{Harvnb|Flori|1999|pp=31–32.}}</ref> There were rumors that Eleanor might have encouraged her sons to revolt against their father.<ref>{{Harvnb|Flori|1999|p=32.}}</ref>

Henry the Young King abandoned his father and left for the French court, seeking the protection of Louis VII; his brothers Richard and Geoffrey soon followed him, while the five-year-old John remained in England. Louis gave his support to the three brothers and even knighted Richard, tying them together through vassalage.<ref>{{Harvnb|Flori|1999|pp=32–33.}}</ref>
[[Jordan Fantosme]], a contemporary poet, described the rebellion as a "war without love".<ref>{{Harvnb|Gillingham|2002|p=41.}}</ref>

[[File:Taillebourg Chte-Mme 005.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Geoffrey de Rancon]]'s [[Château de Taillebourg]], the castle Richard retreated to after Henry II's forces captured 60&nbsp;[[knight]]s and 400&nbsp;archers who fought for Richard when [[Saintes, Charente-Maritime|Saintes]] was captured.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gillingham|2002|pp=49–50.}}</ref>]]
The brothers made an oath at the French court that they would not make terms with Henry II without the consent of Louis VII and the French barons.<ref name="Gillingham 2002 48">{{Harvnb|Gillingham|2002|p=48.}}</ref> With the support of Louis, Henry the Young King attracted many barons to his cause through promises of land and money; one such baron was [[Philip I, Count of Flanders]], who was promised £1,000 and several castles. The brothers also had supporters ready to rise up in England. [[Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester]], joined forces with [[Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk]], [[Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester]], and [[William I of Scotland]] for a rebellion in Suffolk. The alliance with Louis was initially successful, and by July 1173 the rebels were [[besieging]] [[Aumale]], [[Neuf-Marché]], and [[Verneuil-sur-Avre|Verneuil]], and Hugh de Kevelioc had captured [[Dol-de-Bretagne|Dol]] in Brittany.<ref name="Flori 33">{{Harvnb|Flori|1999|p=33.}}</ref> Richard went to [[Poitou]] and raised the barons who were loyal to himself and his mother in rebellion against his father. Eleanor was captured, so Richard was left to lead his campaign against Henry II's supporters in Aquitaine on his own. He marched to take [[La Rochelle]] but was rejected by the inhabitants; he withdrew to the city of [[Saintes, Charente-Maritime|Saintes]], which he established as a base of operations.<ref name="Flori 34-35">{{Harvnb|Flori|1999|pp=34–35.}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Gillingham|2002|p=49.}}</ref>

In the meantime, Henry II had raised a very expensive army of more than 20,000 mercenaries with which to face the rebellion.<ref name="Flori 33"/> He marched on Verneuil, and Louis retreated from his forces. The army proceeded to recapture Dol and subdued Brittany. At this point Henry II made an offer of peace to his sons; on the advice of Louis the offer was refused.<ref name="Flori 33-34">{{Harvnb|Flori|1999|pp=33–34.}}</ref> Henry II's forces took Saintes by surprise and captured much of its garrison, although Richard was able to escape with a small group of soldiers. He took refuge in [[Château de Taillebourg]] for the rest of the war.<ref name="Flori 34-35"/> Henry the Young King and the Count of Flanders planned to land in England to assist the rebellion led by the Earl of Leicester. Anticipating this, Henry II returned to England with 500 soldiers and his prisoners (including Eleanor and his sons' wives and fiancées),<ref name="Flori 35">{{Harvnb|Flori|1999|p=35.}}</ref> but on his arrival found out that the rebellion had already collapsed. William I of Scotland and Hugh Bigod were captured on 13 and 25 July respectively. Henry II returned to France and raised the siege of [[Rouen]], where Louis VII had been joined by Henry the Young King after abandoning his plan to invade England. Louis was defeated and a peace treaty was signed in September 1174,<ref name="Flori 33-34"/> the Treaty of Montlouis.{{Sfn|Gillingham|2002|pp=50–51}}

When Henry II and Louis VII made a truce on 8 September 1174, its terms specifically excluded Richard.<ref name="Flori 35"/>{{Sfn|Gillingham|2002|p=50}} Abandoned by Louis and wary of facing his father's army in battle, Richard went to Henry II's court at [[Poitiers]] on 23 September and begged for forgiveness, weeping and falling at the feet of Henry, who gave Richard the [[kiss of peace]].<ref name="Flori 35"/>{{Sfn|Gillingham|2002|p=50}} Several days later, Richard's brothers joined him in seeking reconciliation with their father.<ref name="Flori 35"/> The terms the three brothers accepted were less generous than those they had been offered earlier in the conflict (when Richard was offered four castles in Aquitaine and half of the income from the duchy):<ref name="Gillingham 2002 48"/> Richard was given control of two castles in Poitou and half the income of Aquitaine; Henry the Young King was given two castles in Normandy; and Geoffrey was permitted half of [[Brittany]]. Eleanor remained Henry II's prisoner until his death, partly as insurance for Richard's good behaviour.<ref>{{Harvnb|Flori|1999|p=36.}}</ref>